【中文版】

加息是指提高银行存款或贷款的利率。加息的目的主要是为了抑制通货膨胀、降低货币贬值风险、提高储蓄意愿等。在通货膨胀时期，银行通过加息可以增加居民的存款利息，从而减少居民的消费需求，达到抑制通货膨胀的目的。另外，加息还可以提高银行的收益，因为银行可以通过提高贷款利率来增加收入。

然而，加息也可能会对经济产生负面影响。如果加息过快或过多，可能会导致企业成本增加，进而减少投资和就业机会，影响经济的增长。此外，加息还可能会提高个人债务成本，加重债务负担，影响消费和储蓄行为。

因此，在决定是否加息时，央行会综合考虑各种因素，包括通货膨胀率、经济增长率、就业情况等。如果通货膨胀严重，央行可能会采取加息措施来抑制通货膨胀。但是，如果经济增长放缓或失业率上升，央行可能会推迟加息或降低加息幅度。

【英文版】

Interest rate hike refers to the increase of deposit or loan interest rates. The purpose of interest rate hike is mainly to curb inflation, reduce currency depreciation risk, and increase savings意愿. During periods of inflation, banks can increase the deposit interest rates to increase depositors' interest income, thereby reducing depositors' consumption demand and curbing inflation. In addition, interest rate hike can also increase banks' revenue as they can increase loan interest rates to increase income.

However, interest rate hike may also have negative impacts on the economy. If the interest rate is raised too fast or too high, it may increase the cost of enterprises and reduce investment and employment opportunities, which will affect economic growth. In addition, interest rate hike may also increase the cost of personal debt and debt burden, affecting consumption and savings behavior.

Therefore, when deciding whether to raise interest rates, the central bank will comprehensively consider various factors, including inflation rate, economic growth rate, employment situation, etc. If inflation is severe, the central bank may take interest rate hike measures to curb inflation. However, if economic growth slows down or the unemployment rate rises, the central bank may postpone interest rate hike or reduce interest rate hike.