中文：

通货膨胀是指经济中物价总水平上升，货币价值下降，购买力下降的现象。通货膨胀通常是由于货币过度发行或需求过大引起的。当过多的货币追逐过少的商品时，物价就会上涨，货币的购买力就会下降。

通货膨胀对经济的影响很大。首先，物价上涨会导致消费者购买力下降，进而减少消费支出，影响经济增长。其次，通货膨胀会导致实际利率上升，进而增加借贷成本，抑制投资。此外，通货膨胀还会导致失业率上升，因为物价上涨会导致企业成本增加，从而减少就业机会。

为了控制通货膨胀，政府可以采取紧缩政策，包括减少货币发行量、提高利率、增加税收等措施。这些措施可以减少市场上的货币供应量，降低需求，从而降低物价。

英文：

Inflation refers to the overall rise in prices of goods in the economy, a decrease in the value of money, and a decrease in purchasing power. Inflation is usually caused by excessive issuance of currency or excessive demand. When too much money chases too few goods, prices will rise, and the purchasing power of the currency will fall.

Inflation has a significant impact on the economy. First, the rise in prices will lead to a decrease in consumers' purchasing power, thereby reducing consumption expenditure and affecting economic growth. Second, inflation will lead to an increase in real interest rates, thereby increasing borrowing costs and inhibiting investment. In addition, inflation will also lead to an increase in unemployment rates, as the rise in prices will lead to an increase in corporate costs, thus reducing employment opportunities.

To control inflation, the government can adopt tightening policies, including reducing the issuance of currency, increasing interest rates, increasing taxes and other measures. These measures can reduce the supply of currency in the market, reduce demand, and thus reduce prices.