中文：

通货膨胀是指商品和劳务价格水平的普遍上涨。它通常是由于货币过度供应或者需求过旺引起的。通货膨胀率是衡量一国经济中物价水平上涨程度的指标之一。

通货膨胀的发生通常伴随着货币贬值和物价上涨。当市场上流通的货币量过多，或者经济增长过快导致需求大于供给时，价格水平就会上升。此外，政府政策、税收、国际贸易等因素也可能对通货膨胀产生影响。

通货膨胀对经济的影响是多方面的。一方面，它会导致消费者购买力下降，因为物价上涨导致实际购买力减少；另一方面，它也会影响投资和储蓄，因为投资者可能会因为物价上涨而调整投资策略。此外，通货膨胀还会影响就业和生产效率，因为它可能会导致企业提高价格，从而降低产品的竞争力。

为了控制通货膨胀，政府可能会采取紧缩政策，如减少货币供应、提高利率等措施。这些措施可以减少市场上的货币供应量，从而降低物价水平。

英文：

Inflation refers to the general increase in prices of goods and services. It is usually caused by excessive supply of money or over demand. The inflation rate is one of the indicators to measure the degree of price rise in an economy.

The occurrence of inflation is usually accompanied by currency depreciation and rising prices. When too much money is circulating in the market, or the economy grows too fast to meet the demand, the price level will rise. In addition, factors such as government policies, taxes, and international trade may also affect inflation.

Inflation has various impacts on the economy. On the one hand, it can lead to a decrease in consumers' purchasing power because rising prices reduce actual purchasing power. On the other hand, it can affect investment and savings because investors may adjust their investment strategies due to price increases. Inflation can also affect employment and production efficiency because it may lead to businesses increasing prices, reducing product competitiveness.

To control inflation, the government may adopt tight monetary policy measures such as reducing the money supply and raising interest rates. These measures can reduce the supply of money in the market and thereby reduce price levels.