中文：

通货紧缩是指货币供应量下降，导致物价普遍下降的经济现象。简单来说，通货紧缩就是物价水平在一段时间内持续下降，而货币的购买力相应地提高。

通货紧缩的原因可以有很多种，例如经济增长放缓、生产过剩、需求不足等。其中，货币供应量的减少是一个重要原因。当货币供应量减少时，人们手中持有的货币价值相应地提高，因此物价普遍下降。

通货紧缩对经济的影响是双重的。一方面，通货紧缩可以缓解通货膨胀的压力，减轻通货膨胀带来的问题。另一方面，通货紧缩会导致企业利润下降，失业率上升，消费者信心不足等问题。因此，通货紧缩并不是一个理想的经济发展状态。

英文：

Inflation refers to a decrease in the supply of currency, resulting in a general decrease in prices. Simply put, inflation is a sustained decrease in the general level of prices over a period of time, correspondingly increasing the purchasing power of currency.

There can be many reasons for inflation, such as slow economic growth, overproduction, insufficient demand, etc. Among them, a decrease in the supply of currency is an important factor. When the supply of currency decreases, the value of the currency held by people increases accordingly, resulting in a general decrease in prices.

Inflation has both positive and negative impacts on the economy. On the one hand, inflation can alleviate inflationary pressures and mitigate problems caused by inflation. On the other hand, inflation can lead to decreased corporate profits, increased unemployment rates, and consumer confidence problems. Therefore, inflation is not an ideal state for economic development.