好英语网【中文版】
融资融券交易又称“证券信用交易”或保证金交易，是指投资者向具有融资融券业务资格的证券公司提供担保物，借入资金买入证券（融资交易）或借入证券并卖出（融券交易）的行为。
简单说就是融资做多，融券做空，比普通的股票交易多了保证金的制度，可以做空，需求更多样化，但是风险也比普通股票要高。
融资融券交易与普通证券交易相比具有以下特点：
- 资金要求不同。 投资者在进行普通证券交易时，必须有足额的资金才能买入证券，必须有足额的证券才能卖出。 而投资者进行融资融券交易，不需要持有足额的资金。
- 与证券公司关系不同。 投资者在进行普通证券交易时，与证券公司之间只存在委托买卖的关系。 而投资者在进行融资融券交易时，不仅与证券公司存在委托买卖关系，而且还存在资金或者证券的借贷关系。
- 风险承担和交易范围不同。 投资者在进行普通证券交易时，一般都得承担投资风险。 而投资者在进行融资融券交易时，投资者只享有投资收益而不承担标的资产的价格风险。 同时，融资融券交易受到监管部门的严格监管，所以其标的的品种和范围都有一定的限制。
总的来说，融资融券是一种风险较高的投资方式，但同时也能带来更高的收益。对于有足够风险承受能力和投资经验的投资者来说，它可以带来更多的投资机会和收益。
【英文版】
Margin trading and short selling are two types of securities trading that allow investors to borrow funds or securities to purchase or sell securities. This type of trading is also known as "securities credit trading" or "margin trading".
In simple terms, margin trading refers to borrowing funds to purchase securities, while short selling refers to borrowing securities to sell them. These two methods are based on the deposit system, and investors must provide collateral to the securities company before they can engage in margin trading or short selling.
Margin trading and short selling differ from ordinary securities trading in the following ways:
- Different capital requirements. Investors must have sufficient funds to buy securities and sufficient securities to sell when engaged in ordinary securities trading. However, investors do not need to hold sufficient funds when engaging in margin trading or short selling.
- Different relationships with securities companies. When engaged in ordinary securities trading, investors only have an agency relationship with the securities company. However, when engaging in margin trading or short selling, investors not only have an agency relationship with the securities company, but also have a borrowing relationship with the funds or securities.
- Different risk-bearing and trading scope. When engaged in ordinary securities trading, investors generally bear the investment risks. However, when engaging in margin trading or short selling, investors only enjoy investment returns without bearing the price risks of the underlying assets. At the same time, margin trading and short selling are strictly regulated by regulatory authorities, so the品种and scope of its underlying assets have certain restrictions.
Overall, margin trading and short selling are high-risk investment methods, but they can also bring higher returns. They can bring more investment opportunities and returns to investors who have sufficient risk tolerance and investment experience.
