中文：

通胀是指商品和服务的总体价格水平上升的现象。在通胀期间，货币的购买力会下降，因为物价上涨，导致货币的购买力下降。通胀通常是由经济增长过快、货币供应过多、成本上升等原因引起的。

通胀对经济有很大的影响。首先，通胀会导致消费者的购买力下降，因为他们需要支付更高的价格来购买同样的商品和服务。这可能会降低消费者的购买欲望和需求，从而影响经济增长。其次，通胀会导致企业的成本上升，因为企业需要支付更高的价格来购买原材料、劳动力等生产要素。这可能会降低企业的利润和投资意愿，从而影响经济增长。最后，通胀还会导致利率上升，因为银行需要提高利率来抵消货币贬值的风险。这可能会增加借贷成本和债务负担，从而对经济产生负面影响。

为了控制通胀，政府和央行会采取一系列措施，如调整利率、控制货币供应、提高生产效率等。然而，这些措施的实施需要时间和成本，而且可能会对经济产生负面影响。因此，如何在保持经济增长的同时控制通胀，是各国政府和经济学家面临的重要问题。

英文：

Inflation refers to the overall rise in the price level of goods and services. During inflation, the purchasing power of money decreases because prices rise, resulting in a decrease in the purchasing power of money. Inflation is usually caused by factors such as overheated economic growth, excessive money supply, and rising costs.

Inflation has a significant impact on the economy. First, it causes a decrease in consumers' purchasing power because they need to pay higher prices for the same goods and services. This may reduce consumers' desire and demand for purchases, thereby affecting economic growth. Second, inflation increases business costs because companies need to pay higher prices for raw materials, labor, and other production inputs. This may reduce corporate profits and investment意愿, thus affecting economic growth. Finally, inflation may also lead to an increase in interest rates because banks need to raise rates to offset the risk of currency depreciation. This may increase borrowing costs and debt burdens, thereby negatively affecting the economy.

To control inflation, governments and central banks adopt a series of measures such as adjusting interest rates, controlling money supply, and improving production efficiency. However, the implementation of these measures requires time and cost, and may have negative impacts on the economy. Therefore, how to control inflation while maintaining economic growth is an important issue facing governments and economists around the world.