【中文版】

制造业是指对原材料、半成品等进行加工、制造、组装，并形成最终产品的行业。它涵盖了机械制造、电子制造、汽车制造、化学制造等多个领域，是现代工业的重要组成部分。

制造业的主要活动包括设计、生产、组装和销售产品。它涉及到从原材料到成品的多个环节，如采购、仓储、生产计划、制造、检测等。在这些环节中，制造是核心环节，它涉及到各种技术和工艺，如机械加工、注塑、压铸等。

制造业的发展对于一个国家的经济发展至关重要。随着科技的进步和全球化的趋势，制造业也在不断发展和变革。现代制造业已经不再是简单的加工和组装，而是需要高度的技术和管理支持。同时，随着环保意识的提高，绿色制造和可持续发展也成为制造业的重要发展方向。

总的来说，制造业是指通过对原材料进行加工和制造，最终形成具有特定功能和用途的产品的行业。它是现代工业体系中的重要组成部分，对于一个国家的经济发展和社会进步具有不可替代的作用。

【英文版】

Manufacturing refers to the industry that processes, fabricates, and assembles raw materials, semi-finished products, and forms them into final products. It covers multiple fields such as machinery manufacturing, electronics manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, and chemical manufacturing, and is an important part of modern industry.

The main activities of manufacturing include designing, producing, assembling, and selling products. It involves multiple links from raw materials to finished products, such as procurement, warehousing, production planning, manufacturing, testing, etc. Among these links, manufacturing is the core link, which involves various technologies and processes such as mechanical processing, injection molding, die-casting, etc.

The development of manufacturing is crucial to the economic development of a country. With the progress of technology and globalization, manufacturing is constantly developing and changing. Modern manufacturing is no longer a simple process of processing and assembling, but requires high-level technical and management support. At the same time, with the increase of environmental protection awareness, green manufacturing and sustainable development have also become important development directions of manufacturing.

In summary, manufacturing refers to the industry that processes raw materials into final products through a series of steps. It is an important part of the modern industrial system and plays an irreplaceable role in the economic development and social progress of a country.