什么算国资控股？

中文：

国资控股，是指由国家或国家授权的投资主体持有某公司或企业的股份，并因此掌握其实际控制权。这种控股形式在各国经济中都有出现，尤其在那些国有经济占主导地位的国家更为常见。在中国，国资控股企业扮演着举足轻重的角色，它们既是国家经济发展的重要支柱，也是国家宏观调控的重要手段。

要判断一个企业是否为国资控股，主要看两点：一是国家或国家授权的投资主体是否持有该企业的股份；二是这些股份的比例是否足够大，使国家能够对该企业实施有效控制。具体来说，如果国家或国家授权的投资主体直接或间接持有的股份比例超过50%，那么该企业就可以被认定为国资控股企业。如果股份比例在50%以下，但国家或国家授权的投资主体能够通过其他方式（如协议、委托等）实现对企业的实际控制，那么该企业也可以被视为国资控股企业。

国资控股的存在有其必要性。首先，它有助于国家实现宏观经济调控，维护国家经济安全。其次，国资控股企业可以发挥国有经济的规模优势和资源优势，提高经济效益和社会效益。最后，国资控股还有助于推动企业的改革和发展，增强企业竞争力。

英文：

State-owned enterprise holding, or state-owned holding, refers to the holding of shares in a company or enterprise by the state or state-authorized investment entities, thus gaining control over its operations. This form of holding is common in economies worldwide, especially in those where the state-owned sector plays a dominant role. In China, state-owned holding enterprises play a pivotal role, serving as important pillars of national economic development and critical tools for macroeconomic regulation.

To determine whether a company is state-owned, two key factors are considered: first, whether the state or state-authorized investment entities hold shares in the enterprise; second, whether these shares constitute a sufficient proportion to enable the state to exercise effective control over the enterprise. Specifically, if the state or state-authorized investment entities directly or indirectly hold more than 50% of the shares, the enterprise can be classified as a state-owned holding enterprise. If the shareholding proportion is less than 50% but the state or state-authorized investment entities can exercise actual control over the enterprise through other means (such as agreements, delegations, etc.), the enterprise can still be considered a state-owned holding enterprise.

The existence of state-owned holding enterprises is necessary for several reasons. Firstly, it helps the state achieve macroeconomic regulation and maintains national economic security. Secondly, state-owned holding enterprises can leverage the scale and resource advantages of the state-owned sector, enhancing both economic and social benefits. Finally, state-owned holding also promotes the reform and development of enterprises, strengthening their competitiveness.