价格效应为什么分为不同类型：中英文双语阅读

中文

价格效应，指的是商品价格变动对市场供求关系和经济活动产生的影响。在经济学中，价格效应通常被分为替代效应和收入效应两部分。

替代效应是指当商品价格上涨时，消费者会倾向于寻找替代品，减少对原商品的消费。这是因为替代品相对于原商品来说，价格变得更加有吸引力。替代效应主要发生在消费者面对价格变动时，通过调整消费组合来降低总体消费成本。

收入效应则是指商品价格变动会影响消费者的实际购买能力。当商品价格上涨时，消费者的实际购买力下降，可能导致其减少对该商品的消费。这是因为价格上涨使得消费者感觉自己的收入相对减少，从而减少了消费。

价格效应分为替代效应和收入效应的原因在于，这两种效应分别反映了消费者在面对价格变动时的不同行为和心理变化。替代效应更多地体现了消费者的理性选择，而收入效应则更多地体现了消费者的心理感受和实际购买力的变化。

理解价格效应的不同类型有助于我们更深入地理解市场经济中的价格形成机制和消费者行为，为政策制定和市场分析提供重要参考。

英文

Price effect refers to the impact of changes in commodity prices on market supply and demand relationships and economic activities. In economics, the price effect is typically divided into two components: the substitution effect and the income effect.

The substitution effect occurs when an increase in the price of a commodity leads consumers to seek alternatives, reducing consumption of the original commodity. This is because the替代品 becomes relatively more attractive in comparison. The substitution effect primarily occurs when consumers face price changes, adjusting their consumption mix to lower overall consumption costs.

The income effect, on the other hand, refers to how changes in commodity prices affect consumers' actual purchasing power. When prices rise, consumers' real purchasing power decreases, potentially leading them to reduce consumption of that commodity. This is because the price increase makes consumers feel as though their income has relatively decreased, thus reducing consumption.

The reason for the division of the price effect into substitution and income effects is that these two effects reflect different behaviors and psychological changes among consumers in response to price changes. The substitution effect mainly体现s consumers' rational choices, while the income effect more strongly体现s consumers' psychological feelings and changes in actual purchasing power.

Understanding the different types of price effects provides a deeper understanding of price formation mechanisms and consumer behavior in a market economy, offering important references for policy formulation and market analysis.