好英语网丧失嗅觉可能是感染病毒的特有症状
A mother who was infected with the coronavirus couldn’t smell her baby’s full diaper. Cooks who can usually name every spice in a restaurant dish can’t smell curry or garlic, and food tastes bland. Others say they can’t pick up the sweet scent of shampoo or the foul odor of kitty litter.
一名感染了冠状病毒的母亲闻不到婴儿尿布的味道。通常能分清餐馆菜肴中每一种调料的厨师闻不出咖喱或大蒜的气味，食物尝起来也很淡。还有一些人说他们无法闻到洗发水的甜香和猫砂的臭味。
Anosmia, the loss of sense of smell, and ageusia, an accompanying diminished sense of taste, have emerged as peculiar telltale signs of Covid-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus, and possible markers of infection.
嗅觉丧失，味觉减退，以及随之而来的味觉衰退，这些都是新型冠状病毒肺炎这种由冠状病毒引发疾病的特有症状，可能是感染的标志。
周五，在马其顿北部的斯科普里，一名女孩摘下口罩去闻树上盛开的花朵。越来越多的证据表明，丧失嗅觉和味觉是由冠状病毒引起的Covid-19疾病的特征。
On Friday, British ear, nose and throat doctors, citing reports from colleagues around the world, called on adults who lose their senses of smell to isolate themselves for seven days, even if they have no other symptoms, to slow the disease’s spread. The published data is limited, but doctors are concerned enough to raise warnings.
上周五，英国耳鼻喉科医生援引来自世界各地同行的报告，呼吁失去嗅觉的成年人即使没有其他症状，也要将自己隔离七天，以减缓疾病传播。公布的数据是有限的，但医生们非常担心，因此提出了警告。
“We really want to raise awareness that this is a sign of infection and that anyone who develops loss of sense of smell should self-isolate,” Prof. Claire Hopkins, president of the British Rhinological Society, wrote in an email. “It could contribute to slowing transmission and save lives.”
“我们真的希望提高人们的意识，这是感染的迹象，任何失去嗅觉的人都应该自我隔离，”英国鼻科学会(British Rhinological Society)主席克莱尔·霍普金斯(Claire Hopkins)教授在电子邮件中写道。“这可能有助于减缓传播和拯救生命。”
She and Nirmal Kumar, president of ENT UK, a group representing ear, nose and throat doctors in Britain, issued a joint statement urging health care workers to use personal protective equipment when treating any patients who have lost their senses of smell, and advised against performing nonessential sinus endoscopy procedures on anyone, because the virus replicates in the nose and the throat and an exam can prompt coughs or sneezes that expose the doctor to a high level of virus.
她和英国另一个代表耳鼻喉医生的组织耳鼻喉英国(ENT UK)的主席尼马尔·库马尔(Nirmal Kumar)发表联合声明，敦促医护人员在对失去嗅觉的病人治疗时使用个人防护装备，并建议不要对任何人进行非必要的鼻窦内窥镜诊疗，因为病毒会在鼻腔和喉咙内复制，做检查时会促使患者咳嗽或打喷嚏，令医生暴露于高水平的病毒之下。
Two ear, nose and throat specialists in Britain who have been infected with the coronavirus are in critical condition, Dr. Hopkins said.
霍普金斯说，英国两名感染冠状病毒的耳鼻喉科专家目前情况危急。
The British physicians cited reports from other countries indicating that significant numbers of coronavirus patients experienced anosmia, saying that in South Korea, where testing has been widespread, 30 percent of 2,000 patients who tested positive experienced anosmia as their major presenting symptom (these were mild cases).
英国医生引用其他国家的报告指出，大量新冠病毒感染者出现嗅觉缺失。他们说，在检测广泛的韩国，2000名检测呈阳性的患者中有30%的人出现嗅觉缺失，这是他们的主要症状（这些都是轻症病例）。
The American Academy of Otolaryngology on Sunday posted information on its website saying that mounting anecdotal evidence indicates that lost or reduced sense of smell and loss of taste are significant symptoms associated with Covid-19, and that they have been seen in patients who ultimately tested positive with no other symptoms.
美国耳鼻喉科学会(American Academy of Otolaryngology)周日在官网发布信息说，越来越多的轶事证据(anecdotal evidence)表明，嗅觉丧失或减少以及味觉的丧失，是和新型冠状病毒肺炎相关的重要症状，它们已出现在最终检测呈阳性、无其他症状的患者身上。
The symptoms, in the absence of allergies or sinusitis, should alert doctors to screen patients for the virus and “warrant serious consideration for self isolation and testing of these individuals,” the academy said. The organization has reminded its members that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has urged all clinicians to prioritize urgent and emergency visits for the next several weeks and to reschedule elective and routine procedures.
在没有过敏或鼻窦炎的情况下，这些症状应该提醒医生对患者进行病毒筛查，并“认真考虑让这些人进行自我隔离和检测”，该学会说。该组织提醒成员，美国疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)已敦促所有临床医生在未来几周内优先安排急诊，并重新安排选择性手术和常规手术。
“There is evolving evidence that otolaryngologists are among the highest risk group when performing upper airway surgeries and examinations,” said a notice posted on the academy’s website on Friday.
“现在不断有证据出来，表明进行上呼吸道手术和检查的耳鼻喉科医师是风险最高的人群之一，”该学会网站周五发布的一则通知说。
Dr. Rachel Kaye, an assistant professor of otolaryngology at Rutgers, said colleagues in New Rochelle, N.Y., which has been the center of an outbreak, first alerted her to the smell loss associated with the coronavirus, sharing that patients who had first complained of anosmia later tested positive for the coronavirus. “This raised a lot of alarms for me personally,” Dr. Kaye said, because those patients “won’t know to self quarantine.”
罗格斯大学(Rutgers)耳鼻喉科助理教授瑞切尔·凯(Rachel Kaye)博士说，她在已成为疫情中心的纽约州新罗谢尔的同事首先提醒她，丧失嗅觉与冠状病毒相关，并且分享了先是诉称嗅觉丧失，随后冠状病毒检测呈阳性的病例。“这令我个人产生了很大警觉，”凯说，因为那些病人“不会知道需要自我隔离。”
“Most ENTs have on their own accord tried to scale down,” she said, adding that her department at Rutgers had already started using personal protective equipment and stopped performing nonessential exams.
“大多数耳鼻喉医生都自行缩减了接诊，”她还说，她所在的罗格斯大学已经开始使用个人防护设备，并停止了不必要的检查。
In the areas of Italy most heavily affected by the virus, doctors say they have concluded that loss of taste and smell is an indication that a person who otherwise seems healthy is in fact carrying the virus and may be spreading it to others.
在意大利受病毒影响最严重的地区，医生们表示，他们得出的结论是，味觉和嗅觉的丧失表明，一个看上去很健康的人实际上携带了该病毒，并且可能正在将其传播给他人。
“Almost everybody who is hospitalized has this same story,” said Dr. Marco Metra, chief of the cardiology department at the main hospital in Brescia, where 700 of 1,200 inpatients have the coronavirus. “You ask about the patient’s wife or husband. And the patient says, ‘My wife has just lost her smell and taste but otherwise she is well.’ So she is likely infected, and she is spreading it with a very mild form.”
“几乎每个住院的病人都有同样的情况，”布雷西亚市主要医院心脏病科主任马克·梅特拉(Marco Metra)医生说。该医院1200名住院患者中有700人感染冠状病毒。“你询问患者的妻子或者丈夫的情况。病人说：‘我妻子刚刚失去了嗅觉和味觉，但其他方面都还健康。’所以她可能已经感染，并且在以微弱的方式传播病毒。”
A study from South Korea, where widespread testing has been done, found that 30 percent of some 2,000 patients who tested positive for the coronavirus reported experiencing anosmia.
韩国进行了大规模的病毒测试，该国一项研究表明，在约2000名冠状病毒检测呈阳性的患者中，有30％的人说经历了失眠。
Hendrik Streeck, a German virologist from the University of Bonn who went from house to house in the country’s Heinsberg district to interview coronavirus patients, has said in interviews that at least two-thirds of the more than 100 he talked to with mild disease reported experiencing loss of smell and taste lasting several days.
来自波恩大学(University of Bonn)的德国病毒学家亨德里克·斯特雷克(Hendrik Streeck)在该国的海因斯贝格地区挨家挨户走访冠状病毒感染者，期间与他交谈的100多名轻症患者中，至少有三分之二的人持续数天失去嗅觉和味觉。
Another physician who studied a cluster of coronavirus patients in Germany said in an email that roughly half of the patients had experienced a smell or taste disorder, and that the sensory loss usually presented after the first symptoms of respiratory illness, but could be used to distinguish people who should be tested.
另一位对德国一个冠状病毒感染者群体进行研究的医师在电子邮件中说，大约一半的患者经历过嗅觉或味觉障碍，这种感官丧失通常在出现呼吸道疾病的最初症状之后，但可以用来区分应接受检测的人群。
Dr. Clemens Wendtner, a professor of medicine at the Academic Teaching Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, said that the patients regained their ability to smell after a few days or weeks, and that the loss occurred regardless of how sick they got or whether they were congested. Using nasal drops or sprays did not help, Dr. Wendtner said.
慕尼黑大学教学医院(Academic Teaching Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich)的医学教授克莱门斯·文特纳(Clemens Wendtner)说，患者在几天或几周后恢复了嗅觉，并且失嗅与患病轻重或是否有鼻塞无关。文特纳说，使用滴鼻剂或喷雾是没有用的。
Several American patients who have had symptoms consistent with the coronavirus, but who have not been tested or are still awaiting test results, described losing their senses of smell and taste, even though their noses were clear and they were not congested.
几名未经检测或仍在等待结果的美国患者有符合感染该病毒的症状，他们表示即使鼻子通畅没有鼻塞，也还是失去了嗅觉和味觉。
Andrew Berry, 30, developed a fever and body aches about 10 days ago, and then a sore throat and debilitating headaches. He tested negative for influenza and has not gotten the result of a coronavirus test taken four days ago, but his physician was convinced that he had the virus, he said.
30岁的安德鲁·贝利(Andrew Berry)大约10天前发烧并出现身体疼痛，然后出现喉咙痛和令人乏力的头痛。他说，他的流感检测呈阴性，还没有获得四天前进行的冠状病毒测试的结果，但他的医生确信他感染了这种病毒。
Now, Mr. Berry said, he literally cannot smell the coffee.
贝利说，他现在几乎无法闻到咖啡的味道。
“Even with a clear nose, I just realized I couldn’t smell the food that I was cooking, and I couldn’t taste the food that I was making,” said Mr. Berry, a tattoo artist based in Orlando, Fla. He was cooking a plantain dish with onions and vinegar, yet he could not smell it.
“尽管鼻子通畅，我意识到我在做饭时是闻不到气味的，尝不出自己做的菜是什么味道，”在佛罗里达州奥兰多市作纹身师的贝利说。那时他正在用洋葱和醋煮大蕉，然而闻不到菜的气味。
Amy Plattmier, a woman from Brooklyn, was not tested for the coronavirus during a recent illness, but her husband then became sick and had a positive test. Ms. Plattmier said she usually had a very sensitive nose, but now could barely smell anything — not the bleach she was using to clean the counters, which usually makes her feel nauseated, or the dog’s accident in the bathroom, which she cleaned up.
布鲁克林的艾米·普拉特米尔(Amy Plattmier)在最近生病期间没有接受过冠状病毒检测，但她的丈夫随后生病并检测出阳性。普拉特米尔说，她的鼻子平常非常敏感，但现在几乎闻不到任何气味——甚至闻不到常常令她感到恶心的台面消毒剂，在浴室里清理狗偶尔留下的粪便时也闻不到。
Mr. Berry has also lost some weight, because he has not had much of an appetite. “Hopefully it’s not a prolonged effect,” he said. “I can imagine it changes the quality of life.”
贝利因为没什么胃口，体重减轻了。“希望这不会产生长期影响，”他说。“我能想象这会改变生活质量。”