对外投资：含义、目的与影响

中文：

对外投资，又称为海外投资或国际投资，指的是一个国家或地区的企业、机构或个人，将其资本投向另一个国家或地区的经济活动。这种行为旨在获取利润、扩大市场份额、分散投资风险或实现其他战略目标。对外投资不仅反映了资本的国际流动，也体现了全球化背景下各国经济联系的加强。

对外投资有多种形式，包括直接投资和间接投资。直接投资通常涉及在目标国家设立公司、购买资产或参与企业管理，如建立工厂、收购当地企业等。间接投资则主要通过购买股票、债券或其他金融工具来实现，如投资海外的股票市场或基金。

对外投资对投资国和被投资国都有深远的影响。对于投资国来说，对外投资可以获取更高的收益、扩大经济规模、增强国际竞争力。同时，通过对外投资，企业可以接触到更广阔的市场和更先进的技术，从而促进国内产业升级和创新。对于被投资国来说，吸引外资可以弥补国内资金不足、促进经济增长、增加就业机会，但同时也可能带来一些挑战，如资源分配不均、环境污染等问题。

英文：

Outward Foreign Investment: Definition, Purpose, and Impact

Outward foreign investment, also known as overseas investment or international investment, refers to the economic activity in which enterprises, institutions, or individuals from one country or region invest their capital in another country or region. This behavior aims to obtain profits, expand market share, diversify investment risks, or achieve other strategic objectives. Outward foreign investment not only reflects the international flow of capital but also embodies the strengthening of economic ties among countries in the context of globalization.

There are various forms of outward foreign investment, including direct investment and indirect investment. Direct investment typically involves establishing companies, purchasing assets, or participating in the management of enterprises in the target country, such as building factories or acquiring local companies. Indirect investment is mainly achieved by purchasing stocks, bonds, or other financial instruments, such as investing in overseas stock markets or funds.

Outward foreign investment has profound impacts on both the investing country and the host country. For the investing country, outward foreign investment can generate higher returns, expand economic scale, and enhance international competitiveness. At the same time, through outward foreign investment, enterprises can access broader markets and more advanced technologies, thus promoting domestic industrial upgrading and innovation. For the host country, attracting foreign investment can compensate for domestic capital deficiencies, promote economic growth, and increase employment opportunities, but it may also bring challenges such as uneven resource allocation and environmental pollution.