什么是摊薄盈亏：理解投资中的关键概念

中文版

摊薄盈亏是投资领域中一个重要的概念，尤其在股票和债券等证券投资中。摊薄盈亏主要描述的是投资者在持有某种证券时，由于该证券数量的增加或减少，而使得单位证券上的盈亏发生变化的过程。

具体来说，当投资者以一定的价格买入一定数量的证券后，如果该证券的价格上涨，投资者的总价值就会增加，单位证券的盈利也会相应提高。然而，如果投资者在此期间增加了该证券的持有数量（例如，通过再次购买或分红再投资等方式），那么单位证券上的盈利就会被“摊薄”，即单位盈利降低。相反，如果证券价格下跌，投资者的总价值会减少，单位证券的亏损也会增加。如果投资者在此期间减少了证券的持有数量，那么单位证券上的亏损就会被“摊薄”，即单位亏损降低。

理解摊薄盈亏的概念对于投资者来说至关重要，因为它能帮助投资者更准确地评估自己的投资表现，并在适当的时候作出调整。例如，如果投资者发现自己的投资组合中的某个证券的盈亏被严重摊薄，那么他们可能会考虑减少该证券的持有数量，或者寻找其他更有潜力的投资机会。

英文版

What is Diluted Profit and Loss: Understanding a Key Concept in Investments

Diluted profit and loss is an essential concept in the field of investments, particularly in securities such as stocks and bonds. It primarily describes the process whereby investors' profits or losses per unit of security change due to an increase or decrease in the number of securities held.

Specifically, when investors purchase a certain number of securities at a specific price, any subsequent increase in the price of those securities leads to an increase in their total value and a corresponding rise in profit per unit of security. However, if investors increase their holdings of those securities during this period (for instance, through additional purchases or dividend reinvestments), the profit per unit of security is "diluted," meaning the profit per unit decreases. Conversely, a decrease in security prices leads to a reduction in total value and an increase in losses per unit. If investors reduce their holdings during this time, the losses per unit of security are "diluted," resulting in a decrease in losses per unit.

Understanding the concept of diluted profit and loss is crucial for investors as it helps them accurately assess their investment performance and make adjustments where necessary. For instance, if investors find that the profits or losses of a particular security in their portfolio are significantly diluted, they may consider reducing their holdings in that security or searching for other, more promising investment opportunities.