膀胱碎石术是一种常见的外科手术，用于治疗膀胱内结石。而为什么膀胱碎石术需要在腹部以下开口呢？这个问题涉及到手术的安全性和操作的便捷性。

首先，膀胱是位于人体盆腔内的一个器官，位于腹部以下。通过腹部以上的入路进行手术将会涉及到穿过腹腔和其他重要器官，增加了手术的复杂性和风险。因此，选择腹部以下的入路可以直接接近膀胱，减少了对其他器官的干扰。

腹部以下开口通常是通过膀胱镜技术实施的。在手术中，医生会使用一种叫做膀胱镜的器械，将其插入通过尿道进入膀胱内。该器械具有摄像头和操作工具，可以实时观察膀胱内的情况，并进行碎石操作。这种操作方式具有较小的创伤、较短的恢复时间和较低的并发症风险。

此外，腹部以下开口还可以提供更好的可视化和操控性。通过腹部以下开口，医生可以直接观察到膀胱内的结石情况，并按需进行碎石操作。而如果是通过腹部以上的入路，医生只能依靠摄像头传输的图像进行观察和操作，这样可能会出现视野受限和操作不够精确的情况。

总之，膀胱碎石术选择在腹部以下开口，主要是为了保证手术的安全性和操作的便捷性。通过这种方式，医生可以在较小创伤和低风险的情况下，准确地观察和处理膀胱内的结石，从而取得更好的治疗效果。

Cystolithotripsy is a common surgical procedure used to treat bladder stones. But why is it necessary to make an incision below the abdomen? This question relates to the safety and convenience of the surgery.

Firstly, the bladder is an organ located in the pelvic cavity, below the abdomen. Performing the surgery through an incision above the abdomen would involve passing through the abdominal cavity and other important organs, increasing the complexity and risk of the surgery. Therefore, choosing an incision below the abdomen allows direct access to the bladder, minimizing interference with other organs.

The incision below the abdomen is usually performed using cystoscopy techniques. During the surgery, the surgeon will use an instrument called a cystoscope, which is inserted through the urethra into the bladder. The cystoscope has a camera and operating tools, allowing real-time observation of the bladder's condition and the performance of stone fragmentation. This method has smaller incisions, shorter recovery time, and lower risk of complications.

Furthermore, an incision below the abdomen provides better visualization and manipulation. Through this approach, the surgeon can directly observe the bladder stones and perform fragmentation as needed. On the other hand, using an incision above the abdomen would only rely on the transmitted images from the camera, which may result in limited visibility and less precise manipulation.

In conclusion, the choice to make an incision below the abdomen for cystolithotripsy is primarily aimed at ensuring surgical safety and convenience. This approach allows the surgeon to accurately observe and treat bladder stones with minimal trauma and low risk.