好英语网加拿大制定创纪录移民引入目标：未来三年吸引145万人
With nearly one million job vacancies across the country, Canada is turning more squarely toward foreigners to address its labor shortage and has set record-breaking immigration targets for the coming three years.
由于全国出现近100万个职位空缺，加拿大更加明确地转向依靠外国人来解决劳动力短缺问题，并为未来三年制定了破纪录的移民引入目标。
The new policy aims to attract a total of 1.45 million immigrants between 2023 and 2025 and was announced by Sean Fraser, Canada’s immigration minister, on Tuesday. It came as the country hit another demographic milestone last week, when the census agency announced that more than one in five Canadians is now an immigrant.
加拿大移民部长肖恩·弗雷泽周二宣布的新政目标是在2023年至2025年期间吸引145万移民。就在上周，加拿大人口普查机构宣布，现有超过五分之一的加拿大人是移民，创下了该国人口统计的又一里程碑。
越来越多的加拿大人是移民或移民子女。
The attitude of Canada’s government toward immigration is a stark departure from those of governments in Western countries such as Sweden and Italy, where newly elected parties are seeking to curtail immigration and are blaming immigrants for crime and disorder.
加拿大政府对移民的态度与瑞典和意大利等西方国家政府截然不同，后者的新当选政党均主张限制移民，并指责移民造成犯罪和混乱。
“Look, folks, it’s simple to me: Canada needs more people,” Mr. Fraser said during a news conference near Toronto on Tuesday. “Canadians understand the need to continue to grow our population if we’re going to meet the needs of the labor force, if we’re going to rebalance a worrying demographic trend, and if we’re going to continue to reunite families.”
“听着，伙计们，在我看来问题很简单：加拿大需要更多人，”弗雷泽周二在多伦多附近举行的新闻发布会上表示。“加拿大人都明白，要满足劳动力的需求，要重新平衡令人担忧的人口趋势，要继续让家庭团聚，就必须继续增加人口。”
Some of the concerning trends, Mr. Fraser continued, include an aging population and a looming wave of retirements. Census data released in April showed that the number of people nearing retirement in Canada is at a record high.
弗雷泽还表示，一些令人担忧的趋势包括人口老龄化和即将到来的退休潮。今年4月公布的人口普查数据显示，加拿大接近退休年龄的人口数量已创历史新高。
“If we don’t do something to correct this demographic trend, the conversation we’re going to have 10 or 15 years from now won’t be about labor shortages,” Mr. Fraser said. “It’s going to be about whether we have the economic capacity to continue to fund schools and hospitals and public services that I think we, too often, take for granted.”
“如果我们不采取措施来纠正这一人口趋势，10年或15年后，我们面临的问题就不是劳动力短缺了，”弗雷泽说。“而是关于我们是否还有经济能力，继续为学校、医院和公共服务提供资金，我认为大家总把这些视作理所当然。”
Canada has long pursued a strategy of recruiting immigrants to make up for its aging native-born population and low birthrate, a strategy that has broad public support. The nation shows preference to immigrants who are skilled workers in fields where the country has critical labor shortages — including health care, manufacturing, engineering and the trades.
长期以来，加拿大一直推行招募移民的战略，来弥补本国人口的老龄化和低出生率，这得到了公众的广泛支持。该国更优先考虑在劳动力严重短缺的领域——包括医疗保健、制造业、工程和贸易——招收技术工人移民。
In a recent survey by the Environics Institute for Survey Research, a nonprofit polling firm, 58 percent of people contacted said they supported more immigration, and 69 percent of respondents disagreed when asked if Canada was taking in too many immigrants.
非营利民调公司环境调查研究所最近的一项调查显示，58%的受访者表示支持增加移民，69%的受访者在被问及加拿大是否接收移民过多时表示不同意。
Still, about half of those surveyed also believed that newcomers were “not adopting Canadian values,” suggesting public support could become more volatile.
不过，约半数受访者也认为，新移民“没有接受加拿大的价值观”，这表明公众的支持态度可能变得更不稳定。
There is hardly unanimous agreement about what those values look like, even across the provinces, as seen during the backlash to Quebec’s recent law banning public sector employees from wearing religious symbols.
这些价值观到底是什么，甚至连国内各省都很难达成共识，比如魁北克省最近禁止公共部门雇员穿戴宗教符号的法律就遭到了强烈反对。
The conversation around national values and the assimilation of immigrants could reinforce “some entrenched racism,” said Salima Samnani, a lecturer at the University of British Columbia and a lawyer who works with Indigenous clients through the school’s legal clinic and other diverse clients in her own practice.
围绕民族价值观和移民同化的讨论可能会强化“一些根深蒂固的种族主义”，不列颠哥伦比亚大学讲师萨利玛·萨姆纳尼表示，萨姆纳尼是一名律师，在学校的法律援助中心以及在自己业务中遇到的其他多元客户让她有了与原住民客户打交道的机会。
Ms. Samnani, whose Indian family immigrated to Canada from Kenya when she was 12, said she encountered this racism and feelings of being “pushed to the margins of society” in her own life: being mistreated in school, while receiving service in stores and even while navigating public transit.
萨姆纳尼的印度家庭在她12岁时从肯尼亚移民至加拿大，她说自己在生活中遭遇过这样的种族主义，以及被“推挤到社会边缘”的感觉：在学校、在商店接受服务、甚至在乘坐公共交通工具时都遭受过不公平对待。
“It cannot be understated how difficult it is to adjust to Canadian life as a new immigrant, especially when you are someone who is not white,” she added.
“作为新移民，要适应加拿大的生活绝对是非常困难的，如果你不是白人就更困难，”她还说。
The majority of new immigrants to Canada arrive from countries in Asia and Africa, with the census agency projecting that by 2041, one in four Canadians will be born in those continents.
加拿大的大部分新移民都来自亚非国家，人口普查机构预计，到2041年，四分之一的加拿大人都是出生于这些大陆的人。
The government is aiming to attract 465,000 permanent residents in 2023, 485,000 in 2024, and 500,000 in 2025, according to its Immigration Levels Plan.
根据其《移民规模计划》，政府计划在2023年吸引46.5万永久居民，2024年为48.4万，2025年为50万。
The number of immigrants sought for 2025 represents a 23 percent increase from Canada’s latest record of accepting 405,000 newcomers last year.
2025年寻求的移民人数比加拿大去年接收的创新纪录的40.5万人增加了23%。
While travel restrictions during the pandemic temporarily slowed immigration, Canada continues to be the fastest growing country in the Group of 7, according to census data collected last spring.
尽管疫情期间的旅行限制暂时减缓了移民的流入，但根据去年春天收集的人口普查数据，加拿大依然是七国集团中移民增长最快的国家。
New data published last week by the national census agency revealed that 23 percent of Canada’s population are immigrants, the highest proportion since Confederation in 1867, when the first four provinces unified to form Canada. Statistics Canada is projecting that in about two decades, immigrants could make up 29 to 34 percent of the population if present-day immigration patterns continue, and if Canada’s birthrate falls below what is necessary to maintain the current population.
加拿大人口普查机构上周公布的新数据显示，加拿大23%的人口是移民，这是自1867年加拿大联邦化以来（当时的最初四省份联合起来成为加拿大）的最高值。加拿大统计局预测，如果现在的移民模式持续下去，同时加拿大的出生率仍低于维持目前人口所需的水平，那么大约在20年内，移民将占到加拿大总人口的29%至34%。
Since the early 1990s, Canada has maintained high immigration, attracting an average of about 235,000 newcomers per year, according to 2016 census data.
根据2016年的人口普查数据，自上世纪90年代以来，加拿大移民数量一直高居不下，平均每年吸引约23.5万新移民。