好英语网杨紫琼：那些不被重视的、身处危机最前线的女性
Over the past few weeks, many people around the world joined me in celebrating my career firsts — from winning my first Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild Award and Independent Spirit Award to earning my first Oscar (for actress in a leading role). While I am grateful for this unforgettable moment in my professional life, I want to redirect that global spotlight to an issue that is very personal to me and warrants the world’s attention.
过去几周里，世界各地的许多人都和我一起庆祝我职业生涯的第一次——从第一次获得金球奖、美国演员工会奖和独立精神奖，到第一次获得奥斯卡奖（最佳女主角）。对于职业生涯中这一难忘的时刻，我非常感激，然而，我想把这一全球焦点转向一个对我来说很私人但值得全世界关注的问题。
My life changed eight years ago when one moment shook my outlook on the world.
八年前的一个瞬间震撼了我的世界观，改变了我的生活。
2月，土耳其埃尔比斯坦地区发生大地震后，女人们在一座倒塌的建筑前。
It was April 25, 2015, and I was in Nepal with my partner, Jean Todt, visiting local organizations. Suddenly, I felt the earth begin to tremble violently. Outside the doors of the low-rise building I was in, a deadly earthquake ravaged the country. I’ve never felt the type of fear and panic I felt that day, when the ground beneath me shook so powerfully, I couldn’t stand on my feet. I had to crawl to try to make it to the door to escape. When we emerged, we had to stay outside for hours, unsure which buildings were strong enough or safe enough to return to.
那是2015年4月25日，我和伴侣让·托德在尼泊尔访问当地组织。突然，我感到大地剧烈地颤抖。在我所在的那座低层建筑门外，一场致命的地震正在蹂躏这个国家。我从来没有像那天那样惊恐失措，脚下剧烈震动着，站都站不稳，只得爬到门口逃生。出来之后，我们还得在外面待上几个小时，不确定哪座建筑足够坚固或安全，可以重新走进去。
I was fortunate to make it through that day unscathed, but not untouched. The experience was terrifying. Its effects linger with me still. Our hotel was damaged during the earthquake and was no longer safe to enter, so we made our way straight to the airport, where we spent two nights before being evacuated by plane. As we got on the road, I saw the ruins and destruction all around me. I couldn’t shake the thought of how unfair it was that I had a home to go to, unlike the thousands of families whose entire lives were suddenly reduced to rubble.
幸运的是，我毫发无损地度过了那一天，但绝不是毫无触动。这种经历很可怕。它的影响至今萦绕在我心中。我们住的酒店在地震中受损，入住已经不安全，所以我们直接去了机场，在那里住了两晚，然后乘飞机撤离。在路上，我看到四周的废墟和破坏。我无法摆脱这样的想法：我有家可归，而成千上万的家庭，他们整个生活就这样突然变成废墟，这是多么不公平。
Disasters of such magnitude cause irreparable damage to the lives of those who already have so little. I witnessed this when I returned to Nepal to help with relief efforts three weeks after the earthquake and then again a year later, when I returned as a goodwill ambassador for the United Nations Development Program.
如此严重的灾难给许多本就一无所有的人造成了无法弥补的损失。地震发生三周后，我回到尼泊尔帮助救灾；一年后，又以联合国开发计划署亲善大使的身份再次回到尼泊尔，我亲眼见证了这一切。
I thought again of Nepal when I watched the coverage of the devastating earthquake that hit Turkey and Syria last month. Even before the earthquake struck, the socioeconomic conditions in Syria were dire, with approximately 90 percent of the population living in poverty and millions in need of humanitarian assistance. Many are now homeless and lack the means to rebuild their lives or keep their families safe.
上个月，看到土耳其和叙利亚毁灭性地震的报道时，我又想起了尼泊尔。即使在地震发生之前，叙利亚的社会经济状况就已经很糟糕，大约90%的人口生活在贫困之中，数百万人需要人道主义援助。许多人现在无家可归，无法重建生活或保障家人安全。
Crises aren’t just moments of catastrophe: They expose deep existing inequalities. Those living in poverty, especially women and girls, bear the brunt. In the immediate aftermath of a disaster, lack of sanitation, health facilities and safety disproportionately affect women. In my time as a goodwill ambassador, I have seen up close how women and girls are often the last to go back to school and the last to get basic services like clean water, vaccines, identity cards and counseling. They are typically the last to get jobs and loans.
危机不仅仅存在于灾难发生的时刻：它们暴露了深层次的不平等。生活在贫困中的人，特别是女人和女童，往往首当其冲。灾后卫生设施、保健设施和安全的匮乏，对女性的影响尤其严重。在担任亲善大使期间，我近距离看到，女人和女童往往最后才能返回学校，最后才能获得洁净水、疫苗、身份证和咨询等基本服务。她们通常最后才能获得工作和贷款。
In Syria the United Nations anticipates some 40,000 women will give birth in the coming months without access to sanitary conditions. When women have to sleep out in the open — often the case when buildings have collapsed or are unsafe — or in group shelters without adequate privacy or protection, they are at increased risk of sexual violence and assault, which skyrocket in the aftermath of a disaster.
在叙利亚，联合国预计，未来几个月将有大约4万名女性在没有卫生条件的情况下分娩。当女性不得不露宿户外——通常是在建筑物倒塌或不安全的情况下——或是睡没有足够隐私或保护的集体庇护所里，她们遭受性暴力和性侵犯的风险就会增加，这种风险在灾难发生后会急剧上升。
To fully recover from a disaster and be prepared for the next one, the specific needs of women and girls must be factored into the humanitarian response.
为了从灾难中完全恢复，并为下一次灾难做好准备，必须将女人和女童的具体需求纳入人道主义应对措施。
Women must also play leadership roles in the recovery process. But women are woefully underrepresented in the decision making that affects their prospects of survival in times of crisis. This gap has a dangerous effect: Studies have shown that women are hit hardest in disasters. Women and girls are often at a disadvantage when it comes to rescue efforts, and women are more likely than men to suffer from hunger.
女性还必须在恢复过程中发挥领导作用。但不幸的是，在影响女性危机时期生存前景的决策过程中，她们面临严重的代表性不足。这种差距产生了危险的影响：研究表明，女性在灾难中受到的打击最大。在救援工作方面，女人和女童往往处于不利地位，女性比男子更有可能遭受饥饿。
We know women sustain their communities. Their voices, leadership and full participation are key to an inclusive, successful and sustainable recovery. This means considering women’s needs, priorities and safety when rebuilding neighborhoods and constructing schools and marketplaces. It means ensuring women have equal access to information, job opportunities and skills training, as well as loans and insurance mechanisms, which are all crucial to regain financial stability.
我们知道，女性维持着她们的社区。她们的声音、领导力和充分参与是实现包容性、成功和可持续恢复的关键。这意味着在重建社区、建设学校和市场时，要考虑到女性的需求、优先事项和安全。这意味着确保女性平等获得信息、就业机会和技能培训，以及贷款和保险机制，这些都是恢复财务稳定的关键。
We know having more women in positions of power and as decision makers at community, national and institutional levels leads to more inclusive policies, laws and practices that protect and contribute to gender equality at all levels. It means striving for zero tolerance for gender-based violence at home, at work, online or anywhere else. And it also means investing in women’s education to ensure their voices are represented at the highest levels of government and society.
我们知道，让更多女性在社区、国家和机构层面担任实权者和决策者，有助于带来更具包容性的政策、法律和实践，在不同层级中保护和促进性别平等。这意味着在家庭、工作、网络或其他任何地方，要对基于性别的暴力采取零容忍态度。这还意味着投资女性教育，以确保她们的声音在政府和社会的最高层得到体现。
We live in a world plagued by recurrent pandemic, war and disaster and are struggling with climate change. It can feel insurmountable. But we also live during a time of incredible technological advancements. Information and communication technologies are our most powerful allies in battling these crises. Technology keeps essential social services running, improves crisis response, strengthens communities and boosts economic recovery.
我们生活在一个疫情、战争、灾害频发的世界，并且正在与气候变化作斗争。这一切可能会让人感觉难以克服。但我们也生活在一个科技突飞猛进的时代。信息和通信技术是我们抗击这些危机的最有力盟友。技术可以维持基本社会服务的运行，改善危机应对，强化社区和促进经济复苏。
And yet the digital world is also a place of inequality. Globally, 2.7 billion people are excluded from digital connectivity, more of them women. As a result, according to the World Bank, women face barriers in getting access to information and resources in all spheres of their lives, including how to adequately prepare for, respond to and cope with a disaster.
然而，数字世界也是一个不平等的地方。在全球范围内，有27亿人被排除在数字连接之外，其中更多的是女性。因此，据世界银行称，女性在获得生活各个领域的信息和资源方面存在障碍，包括如何充分准备、应对和处理灾难。
Reducing the digital divide is critical in changing deeply ingrained gender social norms and ensuring that women’s voices and leadership are embedded at the highest levels before, during and after a disaster. Furthermore, we must make measurable investments in women’s education that promote digital literacy and STEM fields.
为了改变根深蒂固的性别俗规，为了确保女性的声音和领导力在灾难之前、之中和之后都能融入最高层，缩小数字鸿沟是至关重要的。此外，我们必须对女性教育进行可衡量的投资，以促进数字素养和理工科领域。
This year we are halfway toward the 2030 target date to achieve what the United Nations calls Sustainable Development Goals, a blueprint for a shared global vision of a world without poverty or inequality. What I have learned through my work with U.N.D.P. is that realizing these global goals will be possible only if we achieve true gender equality, everywhere, and in all aspects of life — especially in times of crisis — and in anticipation of the next disaster.
今年，距离2030年实现联合国所谓的可持续发展目标的目标，已经过去一半时间。可持续发展目标是实现没有贫困和不平等世界这一全球共同愿景的蓝图。我在联合国发展计划署的工作中学到的是，只有在生活的各个方面实现真正的性别平等，才有可能实现这些全球目标——尤其是在危机时期，以及预见到下一次灾难的情况下。
I’m 60 years old, and I just won my first Oscar. I know something about perseverance, and I am all too aware of what society expects of women. I’m also well aware that my experience can’t compare at all with that of the women heroes I met who are on the front lines of crises. But if I can do one thing with this moment of my professional joy, it would be to point the spotlight on those who all too often go unacknowledged, the women who are rebuilding their communities, taking care of children and older people and putting food on the table. Let’s make sure they are not missing from the room when decisions are being made that affect them the most.
我今年60岁，刚刚赢得了我的第一个奥斯卡奖。我知道什么是坚持不懈，我也非常清楚社会对女性的期望。我也很清楚，我的经历根本无法与我所遇到的那些身处危机前线的女英雄相比。但如果我能在这个职业生涯中最快乐的时刻来做一件事，那就是把聚光灯对准那些经常不被重视的人，那些正在重建社区、照顾儿童和老人、养家糊口的女性。让我们确保在做出对她们影响最大的决定时，房间里不会缺少她们的身影。