好英语网特朗普因“文件门”成美国史上首位面临联邦指控的前总统
The Justice Department took the legally and politically momentous step of lodging federal criminal charges against former President Donald J. Trump, multiple people familiar with the matter said on Thursday, following a lengthy investigation of his handling of classified documents that he took with him upon leaving office and then obstructing the government’s efforts to reclaim them.
多名知情人士周四表示，在对前总统特朗普处理机密文件的方式进行了长时间调查后，司法部对他提起联邦刑事指控，这在法律和政治上都是重要的一步。特朗普离任时带走了这些文件，并阻挠政府收回它们的努力。
The indictment, filed in Federal District Court in Miami, is the first time in American history a former president has faced federal charges. It puts the nation in an extraordinary position, given Mr. Trump’s status not only as a onetime chief executive but also as the front-runner for the 2024 Republican presidential nomination to face President Biden, whose administration will now be seeking to convict his potential rival.
迈阿密联邦地区法院提起的指控是美国历史上第一次有前总统面临联邦指控。这将使这个国家陷入一个非同寻常的情况。因为特朗普不仅是曾经的最高领袖，还是在2024年与拜登总统对决的大选中，共和党党内提名的领跑者，而拜登政府现在正寻求对这名潜在竞争对手定罪。
美国前总统特朗普，摄于1月。在对他处理机密文件的方式进行长时间调查后，他将面临联邦指控。
Mr. Trump was charged with a total of seven counts, including willfully retaining national defense secrets in violation of the Espionage Act, making false statements and an obstruction of justice conspiracy, according to people familiar with the matter.
据知情人士称，特朗普被指控的罪名共有七项，包括违反《间谍法》故意保留国防机密、做出虚假陈述，以及妨碍司法公正。
Mr. Trump is expected to surrender himself to authorities in Miami on Tuesday, according to a person close to him and his own post on Truth Social.
据一位与其关系密切的人士以及特朗普自己在Truth Social上发布的帖文，预计特朗普将于周二在迈阿密向当局自首。
The indictment, filed by the office of the special counsel Jack Smith, came about two months after local prosecutors in New York filed more than 30 felony charges against Mr. Trump in a case connected to a hush money payment to a porn star in advance of the 2016 election.
这份起诉书由特别检察官杰克·史密斯的办公室提交，大约两个月前，纽约当地检察官对特朗普提起了30多项重罪指控，那起案子与他在2016年大选前向一名色情明星支付封口费有关。
Mr. Smith is also investigating Mr. Trump’s wide-ranging efforts to retain power after his election loss in 2020, and how those efforts led to the Jan. 6, 2021, assault on the Capitol by a pro-Trump mob.
史密斯还在调查特朗普在2020年大选失利后为保住权力所做的广泛努力，以及这些努力如何导致2021年1月6日一群支持特朗普的暴徒袭击国会大厦。
Public filings in the documents case have painted a picture of Mr. Trump repeatedly stonewalling efforts by both the National Archives and Records Administration and the Justice Department to retrieve the trove of hundreds of sensitive government records that the former president took with him from the White House and kept mostly at his private club and residence in Florida, Mar-a-Lago.
机密文件案的公开资料显示，特朗普一再阻挠美国国家档案和记录管理局以及司法部收回数百份敏感政府记录的努力，这些记录由这位前总统从白宫带走，主要保存在他位于佛罗里达州马阿拉歌的私人俱乐部和住所。
While the nature of a few of the documents found in Mr. Trump’s possession is known, it remains unclear what other classified materials were found at Mar-a-Lago and what national security damage his possession of them caused, if any.
虽然在特朗普手中发现的一些文件性质是已知的，但目前尚不清楚在马阿拉歌庄园还发现了其他什么机密材料，以及他拥有这些材料对国家安全是否造成了损害。
Mr. Trump has repeatedly characterized the investigation as a politically motivated witch hunt, and in recent weeks, his lawyers have sought to raise what they say are issues of prosecutorial misconduct.
特朗普一再将调查描述为出于政治动机的猎巫，最近几周，他的律师团队试图提出其所谓的检察官不当行为问题。
Here’s what to know:
以下是你需要知道的：
• The indictment reaches back to the end of Mr. Trump’s term in January 2021, when the documents — many of which were said to be in the White House residence — were packed in boxes along with clothes, gifts, photos and other material, and shipped by the General Services Administration to Mar–a-Lago.
• 起诉书可以追溯到2021年1月特朗普任期结束时，当时这些文件（据说其中许多都来自白宫官邸）与衣服、礼物、照片和其他物品一起装箱，由行政事务管理局运往马阿拉歌庄园。
• After lengthy efforts by the National Archives throughout much of 2021 to get Mr. Trump to turn over the material he had taken with him — considered government property under the Presidential Records Act — Mr. Trump turned over 15 boxes of material in January 2022. The boxes turned out to contain highly sensitive material with classified markings, prompting a Justice Department investigation.
• 在2021年的大部分时间里，国家档案馆一直在敦促特朗普交出他带走的材料——根据《总统档案法》，这些材料被视为政府财产——特朗普在2022年1月交出了15箱材料。结果发现，这些箱子里装有带有机密标记的高度敏感材料，促使司法部展开了调查。
• Last August, federal agents descended on Mar-a-Lago to conduct an extraordinary search that turned up material that Mr. Trump had failed to turn over in response to a subpoena months earlier demanding the return of any classified documents still in his possession.
• 去年8月，联邦特工突访马阿拉歌庄园，进行了一次特别搜查，发现了特朗普未能交出的材料——几个月前他曾接到传票，要求归还仍在他手中的所有机密文件。
• The Justice Department has repeatedly questioned Mr. Trump’s level of cooperation with the efforts to recover the documents, saying that it had recovered more than 100 documents containing classified markings even after an attestation by one of Mr. Trump’s lawyers that a “diligent search” by his legal team had not turned up any further materials.
• 司法部一再质疑特朗普在收回这些文件方面的合作程度，并表示目前已经收回了100多份包含机密标记的文件，尽管特朗普的一名律师作证称，其法律团队的“勤奋搜索”没有发现任何进一步的材料。
• Mr. Trump still faces other ongoing criminal investigations. They include Mr. Smith’s inquiry into Mr. Trump’s efforts to hold onto power following his election loss — and how they led to the Jan. 6, 2021, assault on the Capitol — and an investigation by a prosecutor in Georgia into his attempts to reverse his 2020 election loss in that vital swing state. Mr. Trump is scheduled to go on trial in the Manhattan criminal case next March.
• 特朗普仍面临其他正在进行的刑事调查。其中包括史密斯对特朗普在选举失败后继续掌权努力的调查，以及这些努力如何导致2021年1月6日对国会大厦的袭击，还包括佐治亚州一名检察官对他试图扭转2020年在这个至关重要的摇摆州的选举失利的调查。特朗普将于明年3月就封口费案受审。