好英语网加拿大野火烟霾蔓延，美东多地天色昏黄宛如“末日”
Canada on Wednesday was struggling to fight an extraordinary outbreak of wildfires across the country that sent smoke pouring over the border and forced millions of Canadians and Americans to stay indoors as skies darkened over large portions of both nations.
周三，加拿大正在努力扑灭在全国各地爆发的一场反常的野火，滚滚浓烟越过边境，迫使数以百万计加拿大人和美国人待在室内，两国很大部分地区变得暗无天日。
Over 400 fires burned in Canada, and blazes this year have already scorched roughly 9.8 million acres of forest — more than 10 times the acreage that had burned by this time last year, officials say — sending smoke billowing down the east coast of the United States, from New York past Washington, D.C., and as far west as Minnesota.
今年，加拿大发生了400多起火灾，大火已经烧毁了大约3.9万公顷的森林——官员们说，这是去年同期被烧毁森林面积的10倍以上——美国东海岸浓烟滚滚，从纽约经过华盛顿特区，一直向西到明尼苏达州。
上周在新斯科舍省巴灵顿湖，飞机投下一种水和阻燃剂的混合物来扑灭野火。
In Canada, a country known for its picturesque landscapes and orderliness, the out-of-control wildfires have stoked national anxiety. They have also stretched firefighting resources in a sprawling and decentralized country where firefighting is managed at the provincial level, and made coordination more difficult at a time when global warming has intensified the wildfire season.
在以风景如画和秩序井然著称的加拿大，失控的野火引发了全国人民的焦虑。在一个庞大而分散的国家，消防工作由省级管理，野火令消防资源紧张，并在全球变暖加剧野火季的情况下，使协调工作变得更加困难。
In Ottawa, the capital, the feeling of a country under siege was highlighted on Wednesday by the sight of a thick haze hovering over Parliament Hill and over the soaring Gothic Revival building that is part of Canada’s Parliament in Ottawa.
周三，在加拿大首都渥太华，浓浓的雾霾笼罩在议会山和加拿大议会大楼高耸的哥特复兴式建筑上空，令人感觉整个国家已被重重包围。
The effects from the Canadian wildfires stunned the United States. Smoke obscured the New York City skyline on Wednesday, turning the outlines of its skyscrapers into ghostly silhouettes.
加拿大野火还波及到了美国。周三，烟雾笼罩了纽约市的天际线，将摩天大楼的轮廓变成了幽灵般的剪影。
Climate research suggests that heat and drought associated with global warming are major reasons for the increase in bigger and stronger fires in Canada.
气候研究表明，加拿大出现越来越多更大、更猛的火灾主要是因为与全球变暖相关的高温和干旱。
Canada has the world’s largest intact forest ecosystem. Drought and high heat, which many parts of the country have experienced recently, can make trees vulnerable to fire and dry out dead grass, pine needles, and any other material on the bottom of the forest floor that act as kindling when a fire sweeps through a forest.
加拿大拥有世界上最大的完整森林生态系统。该国许多地区最近都经历了干旱和高温，可能使树木更容易起火，并使枯草、松针和森林地面底部的任何其他物质更干燥，它们在火灾席卷森林时会起到引火作用。
Wildfire experts see the signs of climate change in the dryness, intense heat and longer fire season that have made these fires more extreme.
野火专家从干燥、酷热和更长的火季中看到了气候变化的迹象，这使得这些火灾更加极端。
Across a swath of North America, commuters slipped on Covid masks to walk the streets, schools canceled field trips and some closed, flights were canceled and officials urged millions of people to stay indoors as smoke blotted out the sun.
在北美的大片地区，随着阳光被烟雾所遮挡，通勤者戴着口罩走在街上，学校取消了野外教学项目，一些学校关闭了，航班被取消，官员们敦促数以百万计的人待在室内。
In Canada, the wildfires have exerted a heavy human toll, including displacing tens of thousands of people. The level of unpredictability caused by the blazes is so high that provincial wildfire authorities in British Columbia have warned local residents to have a go-bag at the ready, along with an evacuation plan.
在加拿大，野火造成了严重的人员伤亡，包括令数万人流离失所。大火造成的不可预测性非常高，因此不列颠哥伦比亚省负责管理野火的有关部门警告当地居民准备好应急行李，并制定撤离计划。
Millions of Canadians in Ottawa, Toronto and Montreal woke up Wednesday to a haze of smoke over large sections of their cities, as wildfires expanded to places that had previously felt largely immune to fires blazing in faraway provinces.
周三，渥太华、多伦多和蒙特利尔的数以百万加拿大人醒来发现，他们所在城市的大部分地区都笼罩在烟雾中。野火蔓延到一些此前被认为基本不会受到大火影响的偏远省份。
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada said that hundreds of soldiers had been deployed across the country to help with firefighting efforts. “Unfortunately over the past years, we’ve seen extreme weather events increase in their intensity and their impact on Canadians as well as on their cost to families, to provinces and to the federal budget,” Mr. Trudeau said.
加拿大总理贾斯汀·特鲁多表示，已经在全国各地部署了数百名士兵协助灭火工作。“不幸的是，在过去几年里，我们看到极端天气事件的强度在增加，对加拿大人的影响也在增加，给家庭、各省和联邦预算造成的损失也在增加，”特鲁多说。
An apocalyptic haze in shades of beige thickened over northeastern U.S. cities throughout the day on Wednesday, drawing out anxieties about climate change from everyday New Yorkers and health warnings from Gov. Kathy Hochul of New York and Mayor Eric Adams of New York City.
周三全天，美国东北部城市笼罩在深浅不一的微黄色阴霾中，如同末日一般，引发了纽约百姓对气候变化的担忧，纽约州州长凯西·霍格尔和纽约市市长埃里克·亚当斯发出了健康警告。
In the cities most affected, including Buffalo and Binghamton in upstate New York, thick clouds of orange plunged the area into unusually cold temperatures, as conditions worsened across the northeast. Schools in New York City and Washington, D.C., canceled outdoor activities for the day, zoos in New York closed early out of concern for the animals, and Philadelphia warned residents to stay inside.
在受影响最严重的城市，包括纽约州北部的布法罗和宾厄姆顿，厚厚的橙色云层使该地区出现反常的低温，整个东北地区的情况也在恶化。纽约市和华盛顿的学校取消了当天的户外活动，纽约的动物园为保护动物提前关闭，费城警告居民留在室内。
The smoke and poor air quality also led to the cancellation of various cultural performances and sporting events, including a Yankees game in the Bronx and a Phillies game in Philadelphia. As smoke seeped into theaters in New York City, alarming both ticket holders and performers, the Broadway production of “Hamilton” and a Free Shakespeare in the Park production of “Hamlet” both canceled performances.
烟雾和糟糕的空气质量还导致各种文化表演和体育赛事被取消，包括在布朗克斯的洋基队和费城的费城人队的比赛。随着烟雾渗入纽约市的剧院，观众和表演者都感到恐慌，百老汇的《汉密尔顿》和“公园里的免费莎士比亚”的《哈姆雷特》都取消了演出。
“People are scared to come out in this smoke,” said Remy Hernandez, 40, a Bronx resident who delivers food orders for Uber Eats and DoorDash. “To me it looks like the world is ending.”
“人们不敢冒着浓烟出来，”40岁的布朗克斯居民、为Uber Eats和DoorDash送外卖的雷米·埃尔南德斯说。“我觉得就像是世界末日。”
The hazy conditions in New York are likely to continue on Thursday and Friday, and could linger over the weekend, according to Basil Seggos, the commissioner of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. On Wednesday, he told reporters that clearing the skies would take an act of God. “We’ll pray for rains up north and for winds to shift,” he said.
纽约州环境保护部部长巴兹尔·塞戈斯表示，纽约的雾霾状况可能会在周四和周五持续，并可能持续到周末。周三，他告诉记者，清理天空需要上帝的行动。他说：“我们将祈祷北方下雨，祈求风向转变。”
Much of New York State was under an air quality health advisory alert that was to remain in effect until Wednesday night.
纽约州大部分地区都处于空气质量健康预警状态，该警报将持续到周三晚上。
By Wednesday afternoon, the air quality index in the broader New York City region surpassed 400, the worst since the Environmental Protection Agency began recording air quality measurements in 1999.
截至周三下午，纽约市整个地区的空气质量指数超过了400，这是美国环境保护局自1999年开始记录空气质量数据以来的最差水平。
Such a reading indicates that the air is unhealthy for all people, not just the vulnerable, and is somewhat typical in smoggy megacities like Jakarta or New Delhi. But it is unusual for New York City, where decades of state and federal laws have helped reduce emissions and clear the air, especially in middle- and upper-class neighborhoods.
这样的读数表明，空气对所有人都是不健康的，而不仅仅是弱势群体。这在雅加达或新德里等雾霾大城市是很典型的情况，但对纽约市来说是不寻常的，几十年来，纽约的州和联邦法律一直在促进减少排放和净化空气，尤其是在中上层社区。
The scope and scale of the wildfires in Canada have underscored the challenges of fighting fires in a vast country. Wildfire emergency response management is handled by each of the 10 provinces and three territories in Canada, but hundreds of blazes across the country have stretched local resources thin, and renewed calls for a national firefighting service.
加拿大野火的范围和规模凸显了在一个幅员辽阔的国家扑灭火灾的挑战。野火应急管理应由加拿大的十个省和三个地区各自负责，但全国各地数以百计的大火已经使当地资源捉襟见肘，令人们再次呼吁建立国家消防服务。
“It is rare to see this much wildfire nationally across Canada, all at the same time,” said Rob Schweitzer, executive director, of BC Wildfire Services in British Columbia. “In the past provinces have been able to share resources but now that is under strain given the amount of fire on the landscape.”
“在加拿大全国范围内同时看到这么多的野火是很罕见的，”不列颠哥伦比亚省BC野火服务机构的执行董事罗布·施韦策说。“在过去，各省能够共享资源，但现在，考虑到大火的数量，这种共享面临压力。”
Richard Cannings, a member of parliament with the New Democratic Party, said wildfire activity had made it imperative to keep a national stockpile of equipment, such as a squadron of water bombers, that could quickly be deployed.
新民主党议员理查德·坎宁斯说，野火频发之下，应尽快建立国家装备储备，包括筹建一支灭火飞机队，可以随时部署到灾区。
Speaking with reporters on Wednesday, Mr. Trudeau did not address the call for a national firefighting service, but said that his government was considering creating a federal disaster response organization. “We need to continue to make sure we are doing everything possible to both keep Canadians safe when these extreme weather events hit, but also make sure we’re doing everything we can to predict, protect and act ahead of more of these events coming.”
周三接受记者采访时，特鲁多没有就建立国家消防部门的呼吁做出回应，但是他说，他的政府在考虑成立一个联邦灾害反应机构。“我们需要继续确保在极端天气来临时，尽一切可能保障加拿大人民的安全，同时也要确保尽一切可能在此类灾害发生前做出预判、保护和反应。”
Firefighters from the United States, South Africa, France, Australia and New Zealand, along with members of the Canadian Armed Forces, were supporting overwhelmed local fire crews.
来自美国、南非、法国、澳大利亚和新西兰的消防员以及加拿大武装部队人员正在支援不堪重负的地方消防队。
Over the past few weeks, wildfires in Canada have stretched nearly 2,900 miles from British Columbia on the west coast to Nova Scotia in the east, convulsing the country, causing fears about lost livelihoods, burning down properties and endangering health.
过去几周里，从西海岸的不列颠哥伦比亚到东部的新斯科舍，加拿大野火已经席卷了将近4700公里，令举国震动，人们担心因此失去生计、房产被毁乃至危及身体健康。
Health authorities have warned that fire smoke could cause symptoms ranging from sore and watery eyes to coughing, dizziness, chest pains and heart palpitations. Some health officials have advised residents to wear protective masks, conjuring bad memories of pandemic times.
卫生部门警告，烟雾可能导致从眼部刺痛、流泪到咳嗽、眩晕、胸痛和心悸等许多症状。一些卫生官员建议居民佩戴保护性口罩，从而激起大流行时代的痛苦回忆。
Ms. Hochul, of New York, said the state was releasing 1 million N-95 masks from its stockpile to be given out at public places like parks and subway stations.
纽约州的霍格尔称，州府将从储备中拿出100万只N-95口罩，在公园、地铁站等公共场所发放。
Meteorologists said they expected the plume of smoke buffeting Toronto, the country’s largest city and its financial capital, to worsen on Thursday because of winds, and Environment Canada warned residents to brace for worsening air quality.
气象学家估计，由于风势影响，目前吞没了加拿大最大城市和金融中心多伦多的烟雾到周四还会恶化，加拿大环境部提醒居民为更糟糕的空气做好准备。
In Ottawa, the Ottawa Redblacks, the city’s Canadian Football League team, switched from outdoor to indoor practice. And in Toronto, the Blue Jays announced that they would close their domed stadiums for a game against the Houston Astros Wednesday night.
在渥太华，该市的全加足联球队渥太华红黑队已经改在室内训练。在多伦多，蓝鸟队宣布周三晚对阵休斯顿太空人队的比赛期间将关闭球场顶棚。
The wildfires were also hurting businesses, with many mining companies suspending operations in Quebec.
野火还在造成商业损失，许多矿业公司停止了在魁北克的运营。
The wildfires have rattled British Columbia and Alberta, an oil and gas producing province, for weeks. Roughly 29,000 people were evacuated from Alberta, a number that had fallen on Wednesday to 3,900. On the east coast of Canada, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, a wildfire late last month forced the evacuation of more than 16,000 people.
几周来，野火让石油天然气大省不列颠哥伦比亚和艾伯塔陷入不安。艾伯塔疏散了大约2.9万人，到周三降到了3900人。在加拿大东海岸新斯科舍省的哈利法克斯，上月底的一场野火迫使超过1.6万人撤离。
In Ottawa on Wednesday, Bogdan Wozniak, 72, a distraught hot-dog stand vendor, said his business had always been weather dependent, but smoke or fire were other-level challenges. “For smoke you cannot be prepared,” he said. “You have the mask,” he said. “That’s all.”
周三在渥太华，72岁的热狗摊主博格丹·沃兹尼亚克忧心忡忡地说，他的生意向来很受天气的影响，但那跟野火带来的挑战一比就不算什么了。“烟雾要来，没什么可准备的，”他说。“顶多也就是戴个口罩。”
“I’ll be lucky if I break even today,” he added.
“今天能回本就很不错了，”他接着说。