【中文版】

期货是一种金融衍生品，它的出现主要是为了规避价格波动的风险。在期货交易中，买卖双方通过签订期货合约，约定在未来某一时期按照约定的价格买入或卖出一定数量的商品。这种交易方式可以帮助企业和投资者规避价格波动的风险，因为买卖双方可以在未来某一时期以固定的价格买入或卖出商品，避免因价格波动而带来的损失。

期货市场的出现是由于现货市场价格波动频繁，给企业和投资者带来了很大的不确定性。为了规避这种风险，人们开始探索期货这种交易方式。期货市场具有高杠杆效应和双向交易等特点，可以吸引大量的投资者参与。投资者可以通过买入或卖出期货合约来投机市场的走势，或者通过套期保值来对冲风险。

期货市场还可以帮助企业进行风险管理。企业可以通过买入或卖出期货合约来对冲未来的价格风险，从而避免因价格波动而带来的损失。同时，期货市场还可以提供更多的交易机会和投资品种，为投资者提供了更多的选择。

总之，期货是一种规避价格波动风险的金融衍生品，它的出现主要是为了帮助企业和投资者规避风险。期货市场具有高杠杆效应和双向交易等特点，需要投资者进行风险评估和投资规划，遵守期货市场的规则和法规，确保投资的安全性和合规性。

【英文版】

Futures are a type of financial derivative that was primarily developed to hedge against price risk. In futures trading, buyers and sellers enter into a futures contract, agreeing to buy or sell a certain quantity of a commodity at a pre-agreed price at a future date. This trading method allows businesses and investors to avoid the risk of price fluctuations because they can buy or sell the commodity at a fixed price at some point in the future, avoiding losses caused by price movements.

The emergence of futures markets can be attributed to the frequent price fluctuations in spot markets, which brought a lot of uncertainty to businesses and investors. To circumvent this risk, people began to explore futures trading. Futures markets exhibit high leverage effects and two-way trading ("two-way trading") characteristics, attracting a large number of investors to participate. Investors can speculate on the market trend by buying or selling futures contracts, or use hedging to offset risks.

Futures markets can also help businesses manage their risk. Businesses can hedge against future price risks by buying or selling futures contracts, avoiding losses caused by price fluctuations. At the same time, futures markets provide more trading opportunities and investment choices for investors, giving them more choices.

In summary, futures are a type of financial derivative primarily developed to hedge against price risk. Their emergence is primarily to help businesses and investors avoid risks. Futures markets exhibit high leverage effects and two-way trading characteristics, requiring investors to conduct risk assessments and investment planning, comply with the rules and regulations of the futures market, and ensure the safety and compliance of their investments.