中文：

终极控股股东是指通过直接或间接的方式控制公司股权，并对公司经营决策产生重大影响的大股东。他们通常是通过股权投资、股权信托、股权质押等方式来获取对公司的控制权。

在股权结构中，终极控股股东通常持有较少的股份，但通过与其他股东或管理层的协议或安排，他们可以获得对公司的最终控制权。这种控制权可能包括决定公司的经营策略、管理人员的任免、财务预算等重要决策。

由于终极控股股东通常能够影响公司的经营决策，因此他们对于公司的经营和发展具有重要的影响。他们可以通过制定公司战略、优化公司治理结构、改善公司经营状况等方式来促进公司的长期发展。同时，由于终极控股股东通常拥有较大的股权份额，因此他们也需要承担更多的责任和风险。

在上市公司中，终极控股股东通常为公司的大股东或实际控制人，对于公司的经营决策和股票价格具有重要影响。因此，投资者在投资决策时需要考虑到终极控股股东的影响力，并对其进行必要的分析和研究。

英文：

The ultimate controlling shareholder refers to a major shareholder who controls the company's shares directly or indirectly and exerts significant influence on the company's operational decisions. They usually obtain control over the company through equity investment, equity trusts, equity pledge, etc.

In the shareholding structure, the ultimate controlling shareholder usually holds a small share, but through agreements or arrangements with other shareholders or management, they can obtain final control over the company. This control may include deciding the company's business strategy, appointing and removing management personnel, making financial budgets and other important decisions.

Since the ultimate controlling shareholder usually has the ability to influence the company's operational decisions, they have a significant impact on the company's business and development. They can promote the company's long-term development by formulating company strategies, optimizing corporate governance structures, improving company operations, etc. At the same time, as the ultimate controlling shareholder usually holds a large share of the company, they also need to bear more responsibilities and risks.

In listed companies, the ultimate controlling shareholder is usually the company's largest shareholder or actual controller, exerting significant influence on the company's operational decisions and stock price. Therefore, investors need to take into account the influence of the ultimate controlling shareholder when making investment decisions and carry out necessary analysis and research.