中文：

加息是指中央银行提高利率，通常是指商业银行存款和贷款利率的提高。加息是货币政策的一部分，中央银行通过加息来调节经济增长和通货膨胀。

当经济增长放缓或出现衰退迹象时，中央银行可能会采取加息政策，通过提高利率来增加商业银行的贷款成本，进而减少市场上的货币供应量。这样做的目的是控制通货膨胀和稳定物价。

另外，加息也可能会对股票市场产生影响。当利率上升时，股票市场的风险和不确定性也会相应增加，因为投资者可能会更加谨慎地投资股票市场。因此，加息可能会导致股票市场的下跌。

总的来说，加息是一种货币政策工具，中央银行通过加息来调节经济增长和通货膨胀。但是，加息也可能会对股票市场和其他金融市场产生影响。

英文：

Interest rate hike refers to the central bank raising interest rates, usually referring to an increase in commercial bank deposits and loan interest rates. Interest rate hike is part of monetary policy, and the central bank adjusts economic growth and inflation through interest rate hikes.

When economic growth slows down or there are signs of recession, the central bank may adopt interest rate hike policies to increase the loan costs of commercial banks and thereby reduce the supply of money in the market. The purpose is to control inflation and stabilize prices.

In addition, interest rate hikes may also have an impact on the stock market. When interest rates rise, the risk and uncertainty of the stock market may also increase, as investors may invest more cautiously in the stock market. Therefore, interest rate hikes may lead to a decline in the stock market.

Overall, interest rate hike is a monetary policy tool for central banks to adjust economic growth and inflation through interest rate hikes. However, interest rate hikes may also have an impact on the stock market and other financial markets.