铝冶炼需要什么材料？

中文：

铝冶炼是指通过一定的工艺过程，从铝矿石中提取铝金属的过程。那么，铝冶炼需要什么材料呢？

首先，铝冶炼的主要原料是铝矿石。铝矿石中主要含有氧化铝（Al₂O₃），这是铝冶炼的基础。常见的铝矿石有铝土矿、铝硅酸盐矿等。这些矿石经过破碎、磨碎等预处理后，才能进行后续的冶炼过程。

其次，冶炼过程中还需要添加一些辅助材料。例如，为了降低冶炼温度、提高铝的回收率，需要加入碳质还原剂，如焦炭、石油焦等。此外，为了调整矿石的熔点和流动性，还需要加入熔剂，如石灰石、萤石等。

最后，铝冶炼还需要大量的电能。因为铝的冶炼过程是一个高能耗的过程，需要消耗大量的热能。这些热能通常通过电解的方式获得，因此，铝冶炼厂通常都配备有大型的电解槽。

总的来说，铝冶炼需要的材料包括铝矿石、碳质还原剂、熔剂以及大量的电能。这些材料的选取和使用，对于铝冶炼的效率和成本都有着重要的影响。

英文：

Aluminum smelting refers to the process of extracting aluminum metal from aluminum ore through a certain technological process. So, what materials are needed for aluminum smelting?

Firstly, the main raw material for aluminum smelting is aluminum ore. Aluminum ore mainly contains alumina (Al₂O₃), which is the foundation of aluminum smelting. Common aluminum ores include bauxite, aluminum silicate ore, etc. These ores need to undergo preprocessing such as crushing and grinding before they can be used in the subsequent smelting process.

Secondly, some auxiliary materials are also needed in the smelting process. For example, to reduce the smelting temperature and increase the recovery rate of aluminum, carbonaceous reducing agents such as coke and petroleum coke are added. In addition, fluxes such as limestone and fluorite are needed to adjust the melting point and fluidity of the ore.

Finally, aluminum smelting also requires a large amount of electrical energy. Because the aluminum smelting process is a high-energy-consuming process that requires a lot of thermal energy. This thermal energy is usually obtained through electrolysis, so aluminum smelting plants are usually equipped with large-scale electrolytic cells.

Overall, the materials needed for aluminum smelting include aluminum ore, carbonaceous reducing agents, fluxes, and a large amount of electrical energy. The selection and use of these materials have an important impact on the efficiency and cost of aluminum smelting.