国家储备肉怎么回事

国家储备肉是一个重要的民生保障措施，对于稳定肉价、应对突发事件具有关键作用。

What is National Reserve Meat?

National reserve meat is an important measure for people's livelihood guarantee, which plays a crucial role in stabilizing meat prices and responding to emergencies.

国家储备肉是指国家商务部在全国各省市设置的活猪储备和冻肉储备，分为中央储备和地方储备两部分。其设立的主要目的是应对突发事件，如自然灾害、疫情等导致的肉类供应短缺，以及平抑肉价波动，保障居民的基本生活需求。

National reserve meat refers to the live pig reserves and frozen meat reserves set up by the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China in various provinces and cities across the country, and is divided into central reserves and local reserves. The main purpose of its establishment is to deal with emergencies, such as meat supply shortages caused by natural disasters, epidemics, etc., and to stabilize meat price fluctuations and ensure the basic living needs of residents.

国家通过局部收储和市场投放来发挥储备肉的作用。当市场上肉类供应紧张、价格上涨时，会投放储备肉以增加供应，从而稳定价格；而当市场供应充足、价格偏低时，则进行收储，以保护养殖户的利益。

The country exerts the role of reserve meat through local collection and storage and market release. When the meat supply in the market is tight and the price rises, reserve meat will be released to increase the supply and thereby stabilize the price; when the market supply is sufficient and the price is low, collection and storage will be carried out to protect the interests of farmers.

中央储备肉的管理有着严格的规定和流程。华商储备商品管理中心受商务部委托负责中央储备肉入库、在库、出库的日常管理和具体操作。中央储备肉（主要是活体储备）以 4 个月为一储备周期，即 4 个月完成一次轮换，以保证储备肉的质量。

The management of central reserve meat has strict regulations and processes. The China Commodity Reserve Management Center is entrusted by the Ministry of Commerce to be responsible for the daily management and specific operations of the entry, storage and exit of central reserve meat. The central reserve meat (mainly live reserves) has a reserve cycle of 4 months, that is, a rotation is completed every 4 months to ensure the quality of the reserve meat.

我国的国家储备肉制度并非一蹴而就。自上世纪 70 年代起就建立了初具雏形的制度，但当时相对不完善且与普通人生活联系不密切。改革开放后，随着经济发展和生猪供应的增长，这一制度在相当长一段时间内未“大显身手”。直到 2004 年底，新的中央储备肉制度开始运行，在管理模式和运作方式上都有了很大进步。

The national reserve meat system in our country was not established overnight. A rudimentary system was established since the 1970s, but it was relatively imperfect at that time and was not closely related to the lives of ordinary people. After the reform and opening up, with the economic development and the increase in pig supply, this system did not "show its prowess" for a considerable period of time. It was not until the end of 2004 that the new central reserve meat system began to operate, and there have been great improvements in the management model and operation mode.

储备肉的价格通常较为便宜，这是因为其设立的重要作用之一就是平抑猪肉价格波动，而且国家会有相应的政策补贴。但由于储备肉多为冻肉，在口感和水分保持方面可能不如鲜肉，因此消费对象主要是饭店、食堂等。

The price of reserve meat is usually relatively cheap. This is because one of its important roles is to stabilize the fluctuation of pork prices, and the state will have corresponding policy subsidies. However, since most of the reserve meat is frozen meat, it may not be as good as fresh meat in terms of taste and moisture retention. Therefore, the main consumers are restaurants, canteens, etc.

总之，国家储备肉制度对于保障民生、稳定市场具有重要意义，是国家宏观调控的重要手段之一。

In conclusion, the national reserve meat system is of great significance for ensuring people's livelihood and stabilizing the market, and it is one of the important means of national macro-control.