好英语网美国官员称伊朗导弹意外击落乌克兰客机
WASHINGTON — An Iranian missile accidentally brought down a Ukrainian jetliner over Iran this week, killing everyone aboard, American and allied officials said on Thursday, adding a tragic coda to the escalated military conflict between Washington and Tehran.
华盛顿——美国及其盟国官员周四表示，本周一枚伊朗导弹意外将一架乌克兰喷气式客机从伊朗上空击落，机上无人生还，这给华盛顿和德黑兰之间不断升级的军事冲突增添了悲剧性的尾声。
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada said his country had intelligence that an Iranian surface-to-air missile brought down the jetliner, which was carrying 63 Canadians among its some 176 passengers and crew. Mr. Trudeau said his conclusion was based on a preliminary review of the evidence but called for a full investigation “to be convinced beyond all doubt.”
加拿大总理贾斯汀·特鲁多(Justin Trudeau)说，加拿大掌握的情报显示，一枚伊朗地对空导弹击落了这架飞机，机上载有乘客和机组人员约176人，其中有63名加拿大人。特鲁多说，他的结论是基于对证据的初步审查，但他呼吁进行全面调查，“以排除任何疑问”。
周三，机组人员的亲属在乌克兰基辅郊外的鲍里斯波尔国际机场举行悼念仪式。
“We recognize that this may have been done accidentally,” Mr. Trudeau said at a news conference in Ottawa. “The evidence suggests very clearly a possible and probable cause for the crash.”
“我们认识到这可能是无意的，”特鲁多在渥太华举行的新闻发布会上说。“证据非常清楚地表明了坠机可能并且可信的原因。”
United States officials had a “high level of confidence” that the Iranians brought down the airliner by mistake, one American official said. The official said that two missiles fired from an Iranian air defense system, the SA-15, shot down the airliner.
一名美国官员说，美国官员对伊朗人将这架客机错误击落的结论具有“高度信心”。这位官员表示，伊朗空中防御系统SA-15发射的两枚导弹击落了客机。
The Ukrainian airliner, a Boeing 737-800, went down on Wednesday morning. It had turned back toward the Tehran airport before it crashed in a huge explosion minutes after takeoff, according to an initial Iranian report released on Thursday. The report said that the plane, bound for Kyiv, the Ukrainian capital, was in flames before it hit the ground but did not send a distress signal.
乌克兰的一架波音737-800型客机在周三早晨坠毁。据伊朗周四发布的初步报告称，起飞数分钟后，飞机在巨大的爆炸中坠毁，此前飞机试图返回德黑兰机场。该报告说，这架飞往乌克兰首都基辅的飞机在坠毁前曾起火，但没有发出求救信号。
Although both the United States and Iran now appear to be backing away from a larger military confrontation, the new intelligence suggests that the loss of life from the downing of the plane was a direct result of those heightened tensions between the countries.
尽管美国和伊朗现在似乎都在避免更大的军事对抗，但新情报表明，飞机坠毁造成的人员死亡是两国之间紧张关系加剧的直接结果。
American satellites, designed to track missile launches, detected the firing of the Iranian short-range interceptor. United States intelligence agencies later intercepted Iranian communications confirming that the SA-15 system brought down the Ukrainian airliner, officials said.
专门用来跟踪导弹发射的美国卫星探测到了伊朗发射短程拦截导弹。官员们表示，美国情报机构后来截获伊朗的通讯，确认是SA-15系统击落了这架乌克兰客机。
A security camera captured the impact — first the predawn darkness, then a series of blinding bursts of light in the distance, followed by a storm of burning debris in the foreground.
一台监控镜头捕捉到撞击的画面——起初是黎明前的黑暗，随后远处发出一连串刺眼的光芒，接着便是燃烧的残骸如风暴般散落。
The circumstances of the disaster raised suspicions that the airliner was brought down by a missile. The crash occurred just hours after Iran launched a barrage of ballistic missiles at United States targets in Iraq, with Tehran presumably bracing for possible American retaliation.
灾难的境况使人们怀疑客机是被导弹击落的。坠机事件发生于伊朗向在伊拉克的美国目标发射多枚弹道导弹几个小时后，德黑兰大概正在为美国可能的报复做准备。
American officials have been reluctant to publicly assign blame for the downing of the aircraft, apparently to keep from inflaming tensions with Iran, at a time both governments were taking steps to de-escalate the military confrontation that came to a head when an American drone killed Maj. Gen. Qassim Suleimani, one of the most senior figures in Iran’s government.
美国官员一直不愿公开指出谁该为飞机坠毁负责，显然是为了避免与伊朗的紧张局势加剧，两国政府目前都在采取措施缓解军事冲突，冲突的起因是一架美国无人机击毙了伊朗政府的最高级别人物之一卡西姆·苏莱曼尼少将(Maj. Gen. Qassim Suleimani)。
The SA-15 missile is designed to operate at medium to very low altitude and intercept both aircraft and guided weapons, according to military documents. It has a maximum range of 15.5 miles and can intercept aircraft and missiles at an altitude of up to 32,800 feet.
据军事文献，SA-15导弹可在中低空对飞机和制导武器进行拦截。它的最大射程为15.5英里，可以在高达32800英尺的高度拦截飞机和导弹。
A mobile system, the SA-15 could have been brought out by the Iranian military to defend the airport if officials believed the United States military was intending to counter attack after the missile strike. If the Iranians thought that the United States was going to target their airport or other facilities with guided missiles, the SA-15 system could have been used to try to intercept them.
SA-15是一种移动系统，如果官员认为美军在导弹袭击后打算反击，那么SA-15可能是伊朗军方为了保卫机场而部署的。如果伊朗人认为美国将用导弹袭击他们的机场或其他设施，SA-15系统会用来尝试拦截导弹。
The SA-15 can track multiple targets, and seek to shoot down two at once, meaning it can fire multiple missiles nearly simultaneously, according to the military documents.
军事文献显示，SA-15可以跟踪多个目标，并试图同时击落两个目标，这意味着它可以几乎同时发射多枚导弹。
The comments from American officials came after the Iranians invited the National Transportation Safety Board of the United States to assist in the investigation despite previous reports that the Americans would not be involved, according to correspondence reviewed by The New York Times.
据《纽约时报》看到的通信显示，美国官员发表评论是在伊朗邀请美国国家运输安全委员会(National Transportation Safety Board)协助调查之后，尽管此前有报道称美国人不会参与调查。
The board has reached out to the State Department to determine how to proceed, according to two people familiar with the matter who spoke on condition of anonymity because the correspondence was not public. Sanctions against Iran prevent Boeing from contacting the Iranians without an export license, the people said.
据两名知情人士透露，委员会已联系国务院，以便确定此事如何进展。由于这些通信没有公开，两人要求匿名。这些人士说，对伊朗的制裁使波音公司无法在没有出口许可证的情况下与伊朗方面取得联系。
On Wednesday, a spokesman for Iran’s armed forces, Abolfazl Shekarchi, was quoted by the Iranian news media as saying that the crash was not a result of any military action.
伊朗新闻媒体周三援引伊朗武装部队发言人阿博法兹勒·谢卡尔希(Abolfazl Shekarchi)的话说，坠机不是任何军事行动所致。
“This is ridiculous,” Mr. Shekarchi was quoted as saying. “Most of the passengers on this flight were our valued young Iranian men and women. Whatever we do, we do it for the protection and defense of our country and our people.”
“这太荒谬了，”媒体援引谢卡尔希的话说。“这架航班上的大多数乘客都是我们宝贵的伊朗年轻男女。无论我们做什么，都是为了保护和保卫我们的国家和人民。”
The SA-15 launch was detected by the American military’s Space-Based Infrared System, which relies on satellites in various orbits to track the launch and flight path of ballistic missiles. While American missile defense sensors are primarily meant to defend against long-range launches, the military has upgraded the infrared satellite network to track shorter-range ballistic missile launches as well. They also can often detect launches of air defense systems, including missile systems designed to work at low altitudes, officials have said.
SA-15的发射是由美国军方的天基红外系统探测到的，该系统依靠不同轨道的卫星来跟踪弹道导弹的发射和飞行轨迹。虽然美国导弹防御传感器主要用于防御远程发射，但军方已经升级了红外卫星网络，以跟踪短程弹道导弹发射。官员们说，它们还能经常探测到防空系统的发射，包括设计用于低空飞行的导弹系统。
The infrared system also detected the antiaircraft missile fired by Russian-supported separatist fighters in eastern Ukraine in 2014 that brought down Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, officials said at the time. All 298 people aboard were killed.
官员当时表示，红外系统还曾在2014年探测到俄罗斯支持的分裂武装分子在乌克兰东部发射防空导弹，致使马来西亚航空公司的MH17航班被击落。机上298人全部遇难。
The satellite data is often combined with other sources of information. For example, American intelligence can also often detect when air defense radar are turned on or activated, giving clues to what systems have been used.
卫星数据往往要与其他信息来源相结合。例如，美国情报部门经常可以探测到防空雷达何时打开或激活，从而为使用什么系统提供线索。
On Wednesday, American officials combined the information from the satellites with intelligence from intercepted calls.
周三，美国官员将来自卫星的信息与截获的电话情报结合起来。
President Trump, speaking at the White House on Thursday after an event announcing new environmental regulations, was asked about the downed airliner.
周四，特朗普总统在白宫宣布了新的环境法规后，被问及被击落的飞机。
“I have my suspicions,” he said. “I don’t want to say that because other people have their suspicions also. It’s a tragic thing when I see that. It’s a tragic thing.”
“我有我的怀疑，”他说。“我不想这么说，因为其他人也有他们的怀疑。我看到这是一件悲惨的事情。这是一件悲惨的事情。”
He added that the crash could have been an accident.
他补充说，坠机可能是一起事故。
“But somebody could have made a mistake on the other side,” Mr. Trump said. “It was flying in a pretty rough neighborhood and somebody could have made a mistake. Some people say it was mechanical. I personally don’t think that’s even a question, personally. So we’ll see what happens.”
“但在另一边，有人可能会犯错误，”特朗普说。“飞机在一个非常恶劣的地方飞行，有人可能会犯错误。有人说它是机械（问题）。我个人并不认为这是问题。所以我们要看看出了什么事。”
On Thursday, Oleksiy Danilov, secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, said that investigators were following up on unconfirmed reports that fragments of a Russian-made Tor surface-to-air missile — a system used by Iran — had been found near where the plane, a Boeing 737-800, came down.
周四，乌克兰国家安全与国防委员会秘书长阿列克西·丹尼洛夫(Oleksiy Danilov)表示，有未经证实的报道称，坠毁的波音737–800飞机附近发现了俄制托尔(Tor)地对空导弹的碎片——这正是伊朗所使用的系统之一。调查人员正在跟进此事。
Ukraine was negotiating with Iran to allow the investigators to search the crash site near Tehran for possible rocket fragments, he told Censor.net, a Ukrainian news outlet.
他告诉乌克兰新闻媒体Censor.net，乌克兰正在与伊朗谈判，希望允许乌克兰调查人员在德黑兰附近的坠机地点搜寻可能的火箭碎片。
The possibilities of a terrorist act, a collision with an airborne object such as a drone, and an engine explosion were also being examined as possible causes of the crash, Mr. Danilov said on his Facebook page.
丹尼洛夫在自己的Facebook页面上说，坠机的可能原因还有恐怖主义行为、与无人机等空中物体相撞以及引擎爆炸的可能性。
Ukraine brings unique experience to bear on the case because of the 2014 Malaysia Airlines flight. The SA-15 is similar to the same type of missile system that caused that crash, meaning the passengers aboard the flight out of Tehran may have faced a similar fate: silence followed by a sudden explosion that sent shrapnel and debris spiraling through the fuselage before the aircraft’s uncontrolled descent toward the ground.
2014年马航班机失事的经历，让乌克兰可以提供独特的经验。SA-15和导致马航事件的导弹系统很类似，这意味着从德黑兰出发的失事飞机上的乘客可能会面临同样的命运：寂静之后的突然爆炸，弹片和碎片盘旋着穿过机身。随后飞机不受控制地向地面坠落。