【中文版】

“中等收入陷阱”是指一些国家在从中低收入国家发展为中等收入国家后，经济长期徘徊不前，无法实现向高收入国家的转变，甚至出现倒退。这些国家往往面临经济增长乏力、贫富差距拉大、环境问题突出等问题，导致社会不稳定、经济停滞不前。

中等收入陷阱的原因主要是由于这些国家在经济发展过程中过分依赖制造业和出口，缺乏创新和核心技术，同时劳动力成本上升，国际竞争力下降。此外，这些国家在教育、医疗等社会福利方面也存在较大的短板，导致居民消费不足，经济内生动力不足。

要避免中等收入陷阱，需要转变经济增长方式，推动产业升级和创新发展，加强教育和科技创新，同时完善社会保障等公共服务，提高居民生活水平。此外，还需要加强政府监管和调控，防止资本无序流动和资源过度集中，保障经济的稳定和可持续发展。

【英文版】

The "middle-income trap" refers to the situation where some countries, after developing from low- and middle-income countries to middle-income countries, experience prolonged stagnation in the economy and are unable to transition to high-income countries, or even experience regression. These countries often face problems such as sluggish economic growth, widening income disparities, and environmental issues, leading to social instability and economic stagnation.

The reasons for the middle-income trap are mainly due to these countries过分relying on manufacturing and exports in the process of economic development,缺乏innovation and core technologies, while labor costs rise and international competitiveness decreases. In addition, these countries also have significant shortcomings in social welfare areas such as education and healthcare, resulting in insufficient household consumption and insufficient economic endogenous动力.

To avoid the middle-income trap, it is necessary to transform the economic growth model, promote industrial upgrading and innovative development, strengthen education and technological innovation, and improve social security and other public services to enhance residents' living standards. In addition, it is also necessary to strengthen government regulation and intervention to prevent uncontrolled capital flows and excessive resource concentration, ensuring economic stability and sustainable development.