凯恩斯主义强调什么：中英双语解读

中文段落：

凯恩斯主义，作为一种宏观经济理论，强调在经济活动中政府干预的重要性。它主张在需求不足导致经济衰退时，政府应采取积极的财政政策，通过增加公共支出、减税等手段来刺激总需求，从而实现经济的稳定增长。凯恩斯主义还强调货币政策的重要性，认为央行应该通过调整利率等手段来影响经济活动，维护金融稳定。

凯恩斯主义的核心观点在于，有效需求不足是导致经济衰退的主要原因。在自由市场经济中，由于信息不对称、市场失灵等原因，总需求可能无法达到充分就业的水平。因此，政府需要扮演“看得见的手”的角色，通过干预经济来弥补市场机制的不足。

凯恩斯主义强调的是短期内的政策调整，而不是长期的经济增长。它认为，在长期内，经济增长主要取决于技术进步和劳动力增长等因素，而短期内政策调整可以缓解经济衰退的压力，为长期增长创造有利条件。

总的来说，凯恩斯主义强调政府在经济活动中的作用，主张通过积极的财政政策和货币政策来刺激总需求，实现经济的稳定增长。这一理论在应对经济危机和衰退时具有重要的指导意义。

英文段落：

Keynesianism, as a macroeconomic theory, emphasizes the importance of government intervention in economic activities. It advocates that when demand is insufficient and leads to economic recession, the government should adopt proactive fiscal policies, such as increasing public spending and tax cuts, to stimulate aggregate demand and achieve stable economic growth. Keynesianism also underscores the significance of monetary policy, arguing that central banks should influence economic activities through interest rate adjustments and other means to maintain financial stability.

The core viewpoint of Keynesianism lies in the fact that insufficient effective demand is the primary cause of economic recession. In a free market economy, due to information asymmetry, market failure, and other reasons, aggregate demand may not reach the level of full employment. Therefore, the government needs to play the role of the "visible hand" by intervening in the economy to compensate for the deficiencies of market mechanisms.

Keynesianism emphasizes policy adjustments in the short term, rather than long-term economic growth. It believes that in the long run, economic growth mainly depends on factors such as technological progress and labor force growth, while short-term policy adjustments can alleviate the pressure of economic recession and create favorable conditions for long-term growth.

Overall, Keynesianism underscores the role of the government in economic activities, advocating proactive fiscal and monetary policies to stimulate aggregate demand and achieve stable economic growth. This theory holds significant guidance in responding to economic crises and recessions.