水平替代：定义与影响

中文

水平替代，指的是在同一市场上，由于技术进步或消费者偏好等原因，一种商品或服务的出现替代了另一种具有相似功能或效用的商品或服务。这种现象通常发生在同一产业或相近产业中，替代的商品或服务在功能、用途或性能上相似，且能满足消费者的相同需求。

水平替代的发生，往往伴随着技术进步和消费者偏好的变化。随着科技的发展，新产品或服务的出现，可能会在某些方面超越旧的产品或服务，从而吸引消费者转移。同时，消费者的需求和偏好也在不断变化，他们可能会因为某种原因，如价格、质量、性能等，选择新的商品或服务替代旧的。

水平替代对市场结构和企业竞争具有重要影响。一方面，它可以推动市场竞争，促使企业不断创新，提高产品质量和性能，以满足消费者的需求。另一方面，过度的水平替代可能导致市场过度竞争，甚至产生垄断，影响市场的公平竞争和健康发展。

英文

Horizontal Substitution: Definition and Impact

Horizontal substitution refers to the emergence of one commodity or service replacing another with similar functionality or utility in the same market due to technological advancements or changes in consumer preferences. This phenomenon often occurs within the same industry or closely related industries, where the substituting products or services are similar in terms of functionality, usage, or performance and can satisfy the same consumer needs.

The occurrence of horizontal substitution is often accompanied by technological advancements and changes in consumer preferences. With the development of technology, the emergence of new products or services may surpass old ones in certain aspects, thus attracting consumers to switch. Simultaneously, consumer demands and preferences are constantly evolving, and they may choose new products or services to replace old ones for reasons such as price, quality, performance, etc.

Horizontal substitution has a significant impact on market structure and corporate competition. On the one hand, it can drive market competition, prompting companies to continuously innovate and improve product quality and performance to meet consumer needs. On the other hand, excessive horizontal substitution may lead to excessive market competition or even monopoly, affecting fair competition and healthy development in the market.