转基因为什么选择标记：中英文双语解读

中文版

转基因技术是现代生物技术的核心内容之一，通过改变生物体的基因组成，赋予其新的特性或功能。在转基因过程中，选择标记扮演着重要的角色。那么，为什么转基因要选择标记呢？

选择标记，又称为选择基因或报告基因，是一种能够在转基因过程中被识别和检测的特殊基因。它的主要作用是在转基因过程中提供一个可视化的标记，帮助科研人员快速、准确地确定哪些细胞或组织已经被成功转入了目标基因。这样，就可以避免大量的时间和资源的浪费，提高转基因的效率。

选择标记的种类很多，常用的有抗生素抗性基因、荧光蛋白基因等。抗生素抗性基因可以让转基因细胞在含有抗生素的培养基中生长，从而筛选出成功转入的细胞。荧光蛋白基因则可以通过发出荧光来标记转基因细胞，使其在显微镜下清晰可见。

除了提高转基因效率外，选择标记还可以帮助科研人员对转基因生物进行追踪和监测。例如，在转基因作物中引入选择标记，可以方便地对转基因作物进行鉴别和分离，确保其在农业生产中的安全应用。

总之，选择标记是转基因过程中不可或缺的一环。它的引入不仅提高了转基因的效率，还为科研人员提供了更多的手段和工具，推动了转基因技术的快速发展。

英文版

Why Choose Markers in Genetic Engineering: A Chinese-English Bilingual Reading

English Version

Genetic engineering, as one of the core areas of modern biotechnology, aims to endow organisms with new traits or functions by altering their genetic composition. In the process of genetic modification, the role of selectable markers is crucial. So, why do we need to choose markers in genetic engineering?

Selectable markers, also known as selectable genes or reporter genes, are special genes that can be recognized and detected during genetic engineering. Their primary function is to provide a visual marker in the process, allowing researchers to quickly and accurately identify which cells or tissues have successfully integrated the target gene. This significantly improves the efficiency of genetic engineering by avoiding wasted time and resources.

There are various types of selectable markers, with commonly used ones including antibiotic resistance genes and fluorescent protein genes. Antibiotic resistance genes enable transgenic cells to grow in media containing antibiotics, thus screening for successfully transfected cells. Fluorescent protein genes, on the other hand, mark transgenic cells by emitting fluorescence, making them visible under a microscope.

Apart from enhancing the efficiency of genetic engineering, selectable markers also aid researchers in tracking and monitoring genetically modified organisms. For instance, introducing selectable markers into genetically modified crops facilitates their identification and separation, ensuring their safe application in agricultural production.

In conclusion, selectable markers are an integral part of genetic engineering. Their introduction not only improves the efficiency of genetic modification but also provides researchers with additional tools, driving the rapid advancement of genetic engineering technology.