中文版：

如何估值：理解企业估值的核心方法

在投资和商业领域，估值是一项关键任务。正确估值不仅能帮助投资者作出明智的决策，还能为企业提供战略指导。那么，如何估值呢？本文将介绍一些核心的企业估值方法。

一、市盈率法

市盈率法是一种常见的估值方法，通过比较公司的市盈率（PE）与行业平均水平或市场平均水平来估算公司的价值。这种方法简单易行，但可能忽略了公司的成长性和其他因素。

二、市净率法

市净率法是通过比较公司的市净率（PB）与行业平均水平或市场平均水平来估算公司的价值。这种方法更侧重于公司的资产价值，但可能忽视了公司的盈利能力和成长潜力。

三、现金流折现法

现金流折现法是一种更为复杂的估值方法，它通过预测公司未来的自由现金流，并将其折现到当前来估算公司的价值。这种方法考虑了公司的未来成长性和盈利能力，但预测的准确性对结果有很大影响。

英文版：

How to Valuate: Understanding Core Methods of Enterprise Valuation

In the field of investment and business, valuation is a crucial task. Correct valuation can not only help investors make wise decisions but also provide strategic guidance for enterprises. So, how to valuate? This article will introduce some core methods of enterprise valuation.

1. Price-Earnings Ratio (PE) Method

The PE method is a common valuation approach that estimates a company's value by comparing its price-earnings ratio (PE) with the industry average or market average. This method is simple and easy to implement, but it may overlook the company's growth potential and other factors.

2. Price-to-Book Ratio (PB) Method

The PB method estimates a company's value by comparing its price-to-book ratio (PB) with the industry average or market average. This method focuses more on the company's asset value but may ignore its profitability and growth potential.

3. Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Method

The DCF method is a more sophisticated valuation approach that estimates a company's value by projecting its future free cash flows and discounting them to the present. This method considers the company's future growth and profitability, but the accuracy of projections has a significant impact on the results.

无论采用哪种方法，估值都是一个复杂而需要专业技能的过程。投资者和企业应结合自身实际情况，选择最适合的估值方法，并充分考虑各种影响因素，以获得更准确的估值结果。