好英语网计算机“复制粘贴剪切”功能发明人去世
Larry Tesler, an icon of early computing, has died at the age of 74.
早期计算机科学标志性人物拉里·特斯勒（Larry Tesler）于2020年2月17日去世，终年74岁。
Mr Tesler started working in Silicon Valley in the early 1960s, at a time when computers were inaccessible to the vast majority of people.
特斯勒自上世纪60年代起在硅谷开始工作。彼时计算机对普罗大众来说仍是遥不可及之物。
拉里·特斯勒（Larry Tesler）于2020年2月17日去世，终年74岁。
It was thanks to his innovations - which included the "cut", "copy" and "paste" commands - that the personal computer became simple to learn and use.
但依靠他的一系列发明，个人电脑变得更易学习及使用，其中便包括指令“剪贴”（cut，又译作剪下）、“复制”（copy）及“粘贴”（paste，又译作贴上）。
Xerox, where Mr Tesler spent part of his career, paid tribute to him.
特斯勒曾经工作过的施乐公司（Xerox，台湾称为全录）在得知消息后向他致意。
"The inventor of cut/copy & paste, find & replace, and more, was former Xerox researcher Larry Tesler," the company tweeted. "Your workday is easier thanks to his revolutionary ideas."
“剪贴/复制粘贴，寻找替换，还有其他功能的发明者是施乐前研究院的拉里·特斯勒，”施乐在推特上表示。“多亏他的革命性创意，你的工作变得更加简单。”
Mr Tesler was born in the Bronx, New York, in 1945, and studied at Stanford University in California.
特斯勒于1945年出生于美国纽约布朗克斯区（Bronx），毕业于加州斯坦福大学（Stanford University）。
After graduating, he specialised in user interface design - that is, making computer systems more user-friendly.
他在毕业之后专攻用户界面设计（user interface design），致力于将计算机系统变得对使用者更加友好。
He worked for a number of major tech firms during his long career. He started at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (Parc), before Steve Jobs poached him for Apple, where he spent 17 years and rose to chief scientist.
在他漫长的职业生涯中，他曾为多家主流科技公司效力。他起步于施乐帕罗奥多研究中心（Parc），之后在斯蒂夫·乔布斯（Steve Jobs）力邀下加入苹果公司（Apple），他在苹果工作了17年，一路升至首席科学家职位。
After leaving Apple he set up an education start-up, and worked for brief periods at Amazon and Yahoo.
离开苹果后，泰勒斯成立了一家教育公司，还曾在亚马逊（Amazon）及雅虎（Yahoo）短暂工作过一段时间。
In 2012, he told the BBC of Silicon Valley: "There's almost a rite of passage - after you've made some money, you don't just retire, you spend your time funding other companies.
2012年，他曾在接受BBC采访时提到硅谷生活表示：“这里几乎形成了一种固定路线——在你赚到一些钱后，你不会仅仅退休，而是花时间资助其他公司。”
"There's a very strong element of excitement, of being able to share what you've learned with the next generation."
“在这里，能够与下一代分享你的所学是一个非常令人激动的元素，”他提到。
'A counterculture vision'
“反文化愿景”
Possibly Mr Tesler's most famous innovation, the cut and paste command, was reportedly based on the old method of editing in which people would physically cut portions of printed text and glue them elsewhere.
剪切粘贴指令可能是特斯勒最著名的发明。据报道这一发明借鉴于人们手动剪下印刷物的一部分并粘贴在别处的传统处理方式。
The command was incorporated in Apple's software on the Lisa computer in 1983, and the original Macintosh that was released the following year.
这一指令被编入1983年苹果发行的Lisa计算机软件中，也在次年发行的第一款麦金塔（Macintosh）计算机中得到使用。
One of Mr Tesler's firmest beliefs was that computer systems should stop using "modes", which were common in software design at the time.
特斯勒一直坚信，计算机系统需要停止使用“模式”（modes），而在当时软件设计界中，“模式”十分常见。
Modes allow users to switch between functions on software and apps but make computers both time-consuming and complicated.
“模式”可以让用户在软件和应用程序的不同功能时间切换，但会使得计算机使用起来既费时又复杂。
So strong was this belief that Mr Tesler's website was called "nomodes.com", his Twitter handle was "@nomodes", and even his car's registration plate was "No Modes".
他对这一信念十分坚定，连他的网站也叫做“nomodes.com”，他的推特用户名为“@nomodes”，甚至车牌号也是“No Modes”。
Silicon Valley's Computer History Museum said Mr Tesler "combined computer science training with a counterculture vision that computers should be for everyone".
位于硅谷的计算机历史博物馆方面评价称，特斯勒“将计算机科学培训与计算机应该面向所有人的反文化愿景结合到了一起”。