中文：

颠覆性错误是指对一个事物或系统的基本原理或核心概念进行了错误的、颠覆性的理解或认知。这种错误往往导致对该事物或系统的彻底误解和错误处理，进而产生严重的后果。

在科学领域中，颠覆性错误往往是由于对实验数据的不当解释或对理论模型的错误理解而产生的。例如，在物理学中，如果错误地认为牛顿第三定律不适用，那么就可能会得出错误的结论。在生物学中，如果错误地认为基因决定一切，那么就可能会忽视环境对生物体的影响。

在日常生活中，颠覆性错误也时有发生。例如，对语言的理解错误可能会导致沟通障碍或误解；对人的行为的误解可能会导致人际关系的紧张或冲突；对自然环境的错误认知可能会导致生态破坏或灾难性后果。

为了避免颠覆性错误的发生，我们需要保持谦虚和开放的心态，不断学习和探索，充分了解和掌握相关领域的知识和技能。同时，我们也需要建立有效的反馈机制和审查机制，及时发现和纠正错误，避免因小失大。

英文：A disruptive error refers to a fundamental misunderstanding or cognitive mistake in the basic principles or core concepts of a thing or system. Such an error often leads to a complete misunderstanding and erroneous handling of the thing or system, and subsequently has serious consequences.

In the scientific field, disruptive errors often arise from improper interpretation of experimental data or erroneous understanding of theoretical models. For example, in physics, if it is incorrectly believed that Newton's third law is not applicable, then incorrect conclusions may be drawn. In biology, if it is incorrectly believed that genes determine everything, then the influence of the environment on organisms may be neglected.

In daily life, disruptive errors also occur. For example, language comprehension errors may lead to communication barriers or misunderstandings; misunderstandings of human behavior may lead to tense interpersonal relationships or conflicts; and a mistaken understanding of the natural environment may lead to ecological damage or catastrophic consequences.

To avoid the occurrence of disruptive errors, we need to maintain a humble and open mindset, continuously learn and explore, fully understand and master the knowledge and skills related to the field. At the same time, we also need to establish effective feedback mechanisms and review mechanisms to detect and correct errors in a timely manner and avoid a loss due to a small mistake.