什么叫做超额存款准备

超额存款准备金是指商业银行存放在中央银行的超出法定存款准备金的部分，是商业银行用于应对流动性风险的重要工具。

首先，我们来了解一下存款准备金。存款准备金是商业银行按照法律规定必须存放在中央银行的存款，主要用于保障客户取款和资金清算的需要。法定存款准备金率是由中央银行规定的，是商业银行必须遵守的最低存款准备金要求。

而超额存款准备金则是相对于法定存款准备金而言的，是指商业银行存放在中央银行的超出法定存款准备金的部分。这部分资金主要用于商业银行的日常流动性管理和风险控制。在金融市场波动较大或者资金流动性需求增加时，商业银行可以通过调用超额存款准备金来应对。

超额存款准备金的管理对于商业银行的流动性风险控制非常重要。在金融市场出现异常波动或者资金流动性出现紧张时，商业银行可以通过调用超额存款准备金来保障客户的取款需求和资金清算的顺利进行。同时，超额存款准备金也是商业银行进行短期融资的重要工具之一，可以通过中央银行的贴现窗口或者其他渠道进行融资。

总的来说，超额存款准备金是商业银行用于应对流动性风险的重要工具之一，其管理对于保障金融市场的稳定和客户的资金安全具有重要意义。

英文中关于“什么叫做超额存款准备”的表述为 "What is the超额存款准备?". Here is the English version of the article:

Excess reserve deposit refers to the portion of funds that commercial banks deposit at the central bank in excess of the legally required deposit reserve. It is an important tool for commercial banks to cope with liquidity risks.

First, let's understand the deposit reserve. The deposit reserve refers to the deposits that commercial banks must deposit at the central bank in accordance with legal provisions, which are mainly used to ensure customer withdrawals and fund settlement needs. The legally required deposit reserve rate is set by the central bank, and it is the minimum deposit reserve requirement that commercial banks must comply with.

The excess deposit reserve is relative to the legally required deposit reserve. It refers to the funds that commercial banks deposit at the central bank in excess of the legally required deposit reserve. This part of the funds is mainly used for the daily liquidity management and risk control of commercial banks. When the financial market波动is relatively large or the liquidity demand increases, commercial banks can respond by calling excess deposit reserves.

The management of excess deposit reserves is very important for the liquidity risk control of commercial banks. When there is abnormal波动in the financial market or liquidity tightness, commercial banks can use excess deposit reserves to ensure that customer withdrawals and fund settlement are smoothly carried out. At the same time, excess deposit reserves are also an important tool for commercial banks to conduct short-term financing. They can be used for short-term financing through the central bank's discount window or other channels.

Overall, excess deposit reserves are an important tool for commercial banks to cope with liquidity risks. Their management is of great significance for ensuring financial market stability and customer fund security.