除权除息怎么显示

除权除息是股票交易中的重要概念，它对于投资者理解股票价格的变化以及自身权益的变动具有关键意义。

首先，我们来了解一下除权除息的基本概念。除权除息（DR）按照字面意思包含两部分，一个是除权，另一个是除息。除权，指的是投资者持有股票的股利，包括送股、转股和配股。除息，则是投资者持有上市公司的股票，上市公司盈利后给投资者分红，但分红的钱需要缴税。

在除权除息的过程中，有几个重要的日期需要关注。除权除息日，是股票正式开始送股转股和分红的日子，也是股价调整的日子，在这一天，股票代码前面会有 DR 的标志。股权登记日也很关键，只要在登记日之前持有相应的股票，投资者就可以享受相应的除权除息权利。如果不想要分红、送股、转股和配股，只需要在股权登记日之前卖出股票就行。

关于红利缴税，其类型多样。缴税的税率和持股时间成反比，持股时间越长，缴的税就越低。此外，转增的股票不缴税，送增的股票要缴税，标准为 1 元/股。

配股作为一种另类融资渠道，其实就是让投资者再购买公司的股票，而且必须自己掏钱。配股之后，股份会被稀释，股价通常会低于配股之前的价格。如果有股票但不选择缴款配股，就会产生亏损。解决的方法有两种：一是在股权登记日之前卖出；二是交钱配股。

在股票市场中，不同的交易所对于除权除息的标记和相关流程也有所不同。例如，沪市用 XR 表示除权，XD 表示除息，DR 为同时除权和除息，深市则无标记。沪市送股到帐和上市交易日为 R+1 日，现金股息的到帐日为 R+2 日，配股缴款起始日为 R+1 日，缴款期通常为 10 个交易日。深市送股到帐和上市交易日以及现金股息的到帐日均为 R+2 日，配股缴款起始日也是 R+2 日，缴款期通常也是 10 个交易日。

除权除息的参考价计算公式在沪市和深市也各不相同。沪市的除权参考价计算公式为：(股权登记日收盘价 + 配股价×配股率 - 派息率) / (1 + 送股率 + 配股率)。深市则以市值为依据，其公式为：除权参考价 = (股权登记日总市值 + 配股总数×配股价 - 派现金总额) / 除权后总股本。

除息日当天，红利会以现金形式分发到投资者的账户上。这一操作是为了维护会计上的平衡，否则会出现额外增加财富的情况，这在会计制度上是不允许的。

股票除权除息是一个中性消息，既不好也不坏。对于投资者来说，分红配股没有直接的经济效益，而且股票数量增加了，但除权除息后股价下跌，总资产不变。如果投资者打算继续持有股票但不进行配股，除权除息后股价必然会亏损。对于公司来说，分红配股只是一种融资需求，也可以提高股票的流动性，吸引更多的投资者，但对股价没有太大影响。

综上所述，除权除息的显示涉及到多个方面，包括日期、标记、股价调整、红利缴税、参考价计算等。投资者需要充分了解这些内容，以便在股票交易中做出明智的决策。

How Does Ex-Rights and Ex-Dividends Display

Ex-rights and ex-dividends is an important concept in stock trading, which is of crucial significance for investors to understand the changes in stock prices and the changes in their own rights and interests.

Firstly, let's understand the basic concept of ex-rights and ex-dividends. Ex-rights and ex-dividends (DR) literally consist of two parts, one is ex-rights, and the other is ex-dividends. Ex-rights refer to the dividends of stocks held by investors, including bonus shares, conversion of shares, and rights issues. Ex-dividends mean that when investors hold stocks of listed companies, the listed companies will distribute dividends after making profits, but the money from dividends needs to be taxed.

During the process of ex-rights and ex-dividends, there are several important dates to pay attention to. The ex-rights and ex-dividends date is the day when the stock officially starts to distribute bonus shares, convert shares, and dividends, and it is also the day when the stock price is adjusted. On this day, there will be a DR sign in front of the stock code. The equity registration date is also crucial. As long as you hold the corresponding stock before the registration date, investors can enjoy the corresponding rights and interests of ex-rights and ex-dividends. If you do not want dividends, bonus shares, conversion of shares, and rights issues, you only need to sell the stock before the equity registration date.

Regarding dividend taxation, there are various types. The tax rate is inversely proportional to the holding period. The longer the holding period, the lower the tax paid. In addition, the converted shares are not taxable, while the bonus shares are taxable, with a standard of 1 yuan per share.

As an alternative financing channel, rights issues actually mean asking investors to buy more stocks of the company, and they must pay out of their own pockets. After the rights issue, the shares will be diluted, and the stock price is usually lower than before the rights issue. If you have stocks but do not choose to pay for the rights issue, you will suffer losses. There are two solutions: one is to sell before the equity registration date; the other is to pay and participate in the rights issue.

In the stock market, different exchanges have different markings and related processes for ex-rights and ex-dividends. For example, in the Shanghai Stock Exchange, XR represents ex-rights, XD represents ex-dividends, and DR represents both ex-rights and ex-dividends, while in the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, there is no marking. In the Shanghai Stock Exchange, the delivery and listing date of bonus shares is R+1, the arrival date of cash dividends is R+2, the starting date of rights issue subscription is R+1, and the subscription period is usually 10 trading days. In the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, the delivery and listing date of bonus shares, the arrival date of cash dividends, and the starting date of rights issue subscription are all R+2, and the subscription period is usually also 10 trading days.

The calculation formulas for the reference price of ex-rights and ex-dividends are also different in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. The calculation formula for the ex-rights reference price in the Shanghai Stock Exchange is: (Closing price on the equity registration date + Rights issue price × Rights issue ratio - Dividend payout rate) / (1 + Bonus share ratio + Rights issue ratio). In the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, it is based on market value, and the formula is: Ex-rights reference price = (Total market value on the equity registration date + Total number of rights issue × Rights issue price - Total amount of cash dividends) / Total share capital after ex-rights.

On the ex-dividend date, dividends will be distributed to investors' accounts in cash. This operation is to maintain accounting balance. Otherwise, there will be an additional increase in wealth, which is not allowed in the accounting system.

Stock ex-rights and ex-dividends is a neutral message, neither good nor bad. For investors, dividend distribution and rights issue have no direct economic benefits, and the number of stocks has increased. However, after ex-rights and ex-dividends, the stock price has fallen, and the total assets remain unchanged. If investors plan to continue holding the stock but do not participate in the rights issue, the stock price is bound to suffer losses after ex-rights and ex-dividends. For the company, dividend distribution and rights issue are just a financing need, and it can also increase the liquidity of the stock and attract more investors, but it has little impact on the stock price.

In conclusion, the display of ex-rights and ex-dividends involves many aspects, including dates, markings, stock price adjustments, dividend taxation, calculation of reference prices, etc. Investors need to fully understand these contents in order to make wise decisions in stock trading.