英国怎么贷房贷

How to Get a Mortgage Loan in the UK

在英国，贷款买房是一种常见的方式。以下将为您详细介绍英国贷房贷的相关流程和要点。

In the UK, getting a mortgage loan to purchase a property is a common practice. The following will provide you with a detailed introduction to the relevant processes and key points of obtaining a mortgage loan in the UK.

首先，了解英国贷款的种类至关重要。英国房屋贷款主要分两种，一种是自住贷款（依靠买家的收入来贷款，往往贷款额是税前年收入的 5 - 5.5 倍），另一种是投资贷款（依靠房屋自身租金和买家收入来贷，最高能贷到七五成）。通常来说，自住贷款利率低于投资贷款。自住贷款利率大概在 1.2 - 2%左右，投资贷款利率大概在 2 - 4%左右，具体依买家不同情况而定。

First of all, it is crucial to understand the types of loans available in the UK. The main types of mortgage loans in the UK are residential loans (which rely on the buyer's income for the loan, and the loan amount is often 5 - 5.5 times the pre-tax annual income) and investment loans (which rely on the rent of the property itself and the buyer's income, with a maximum loan of up to 75%). Generally speaking, the interest rate for residential loans is lower than that for investment loans. The interest rate for residential loans is approximately 1.2 - 2%, while for investment loans, it is approximately 2 - 4%. The specific rates depend on the individual circumstances of the buyer.

贷款需提前准备相关材料。往往需要买家提前准备的有：个人身份证明、住址证明、资金存款证明、在职证明信、工资单或自雇收入证明、报税证明、个人信用报告（部分银行要求）等。

To obtain a loan, relevant materials need to be prepared in advance. Buyers often need to prepare personal identification, proof of address, proof of funds deposit, employment verification letter, payslip or self-employed income proof, tax return proof, personal credit report (required by some banks), etc.

接下来是贷款买房的流程。第一步，拿到贷款意向书（mortgage in principle）。买家准备购房时，需要和银行或贷款顾问联系进行初始的咨询，以确定自己是否可以贷款，以及可以贷到多少钱，并最终拿到银行的贷款意向书。这是因为在英国贷款购房时（特别是购买现房时），一部分开发商或中介会要求提前查看银行的贷款意向书。如果银行给出的贷款意向书里的初步评估结果（比如能不能贷，最终能贷多少）符合买家的实际需求，那么买家可以进入实际看房、买房环节。

Next is the process of buying a property with a mortgage loan. The first step is to obtain a mortgage in principle. When buyers are preparing to purchase a property, they need to contact the bank or a loan advisor for an initial consultation to determine whether they can obtain a loan, how much they can borrow, and ultimately obtain a mortgage in principle from the bank. This is because when purchasing a property with a mortgage loan in the UK (especially when buying an existing property), some developers or agents may require viewing the mortgage in principle from the bank in advance. If the preliminary assessment results in the mortgage in principle provided by the bank (such as whether a loan can be granted and the final loan amount) meet the actual needs of the buyer, then the buyer can proceed to the actual house viewing and purchasing stage.

第二步，提交贷款申请，银行派人验房及评估。然后银行会派专人验房，验房师即测量师（surveyor），验房后会出具一份验房报告，该报告不仅将评估房屋质量等相关信息，还会给出相应的估价。这个估价非常重要，这将直接决定银行最后给你贷多少钱。

The second step is to submit the loan application, and the bank will send someone to inspect the property and conduct the assessment. Then, the bank will send a professional to inspect the property. The property inspector, also known as the surveyor, will issue a property inspection report after the inspection. This report will not only assess relevant information such as the quality of the property but also provide a corresponding valuation. This valuation is extremely important as it will directly determine the final loan amount granted by the bank.

第三步，贷款申请获批，与银行签订获批后签订。在获得验房报告后，银行将根据报告的估价，结合买家的财务状况，给予买家最终的贷款额度，在买家选定贷款产品后，银行将会与买家签订房贷合同。一般来说，英国买房一般需要提前几个月来准备贷款，特别是对于没有英国收入的海外买家。一般贷款顾问对本地买家不收费，对海外买家收 1%左右的手续费。

The third step is loan approval and signing the contract after approval. After obtaining the property inspection report, the bank will, based on the valuation in the report and in combination with the buyer's financial situation, grant the buyer the final loan amount. After the buyer selects the loan product, the bank will sign the mortgage contract with the buyer. Generally speaking, it is necessary to prepare for the loan several months in advance when buying a property in the UK, especially for overseas buyers without income in the UK. Generally, loan advisors do not charge local buyers but charge around 1% for overseas buyers as a handling fee.

另外，选定房源后，支付定金，定金通常为 2000 到 5000 英镑，一般与开发商规定、卖方要求或房产价格相关。签署律师协议，英国房产交易必须由律师协助交易、财务及房产调查等工作。签订合同，支付首付，通常在支付定金后 21 天内，会安排签订正式合同，并支付首付，交易正式成立。如买家需要贷款，一般在交房前 3 到 6 个月开始申请，若符合贷款要求，银行会提供贷款细节给客人及律师。验房、交房、过户、托管，竣工前业主可提前拿到钥匙并亲自验房，卖方律师提供完工证明后，买家需支付尾款，并由律师办理土地所有权登记，完成过户，之后可聘请专业的托管公司提供租赁管理服务。购买英国房产通常可申请 60%比例贷款，贷款利率为 3.75%到 4.8%左右，申请人可聘用贷款经纪人协助贷款，一般贷款经纪人需要收取贷款额的 1%到 2%作为佣金。具体的贷款比例、利率以及贷款文件要求取决于银行政策与贷款申请人的个人情况。一般要求的贷款申请文件包括：护照及身份证；收入证明；收入流水；国内征信报告；最近一年纳税证明；地址证明；国内资产证明（房产证，存款）；购房合同或预订单；律师开具的首期款付款证明。

In addition, after selecting the property, a deposit is paid. The deposit is usually between £2,000 and £5,000 and is generally related to the developer's regulations, the seller's requirements, or the property price. Sign a lawyer's agreement. Real estate transactions in the UK must be assisted by lawyers for transactions, financial and property investigations, etc. Sign the contract and pay the down payment. Usually, within 21 days after paying the deposit, a formal contract will be arranged to be signed, and the down payment will be made, and the transaction is officially established. If the buyer needs a loan, the application is usually started 3 to 6 months before the property handover. If the loan requirements are met, the bank will provide loan details to the guests and the lawyer. Property inspection, property handover, transfer of ownership, and trusteeship. Before the completion of the project, the owner can get the keys in advance and inspect the property in person. After the seller's lawyer provides the completion certificate, the buyer needs to pay the balance and the lawyer will handle the land ownership registration to complete the transfer of ownership. Afterwards, a professional trusteeship company can be hired to provide rental management services. When purchasing real estate in the UK, a loan of up to 60% of the property value can usually be applied for. The loan interest rate is approximately 3.75% to 4.8%. Applicants can hire a loan broker to assist with the loan, and generally, the loan broker requires 1% to 2% of the loan amount as a commission. The specific loan ratio, interest rate, and loan document requirements depend on the bank's policies and the individual circumstances of the loan applicant. The generally required loan application documents include: passport and ID card; income proof; income statement; domestic credit report; tax payment proof for the most recent year; address proof; domestic asset proof (property certificate, deposit); purchase contract or pre-order; and the down payment payment certificate issued by the lawyer.

总之，在英国贷房贷需要仔细了解相关政策和流程，做好充分准备，以确保顺利获得贷款并购买到心仪的房产。

In conclusion, obtaining a mortgage loan in the UK requires a careful understanding of relevant policies and processes and thorough preparation to ensure a smooth loan approval and the purchase of a desired property.