中文：

股本结构是指公司注册资本的构成及其比例关系，以及股权的构成及其比例关系。股本结构是公司治理结构的基础，不同的股本结构会直接影响到公司的治理结构和经营绩效。

股本结构主要由股本和资本公积组成。股本是指公司注册资本中由股东认缴的出资额，是公司章程中规定的公司股东权益。股本通常分为普通股和优先股，其中普通股是公司的权益基础，享有表决权和分红权，优先股则享有优先权和固定收益。

资本公积是指公司非发行股份而形成的资本公积，主要包括股票发行溢价、投资者超过注册资本的出资额、法定资产重估增值、外币资本折算差额等。

股本结构比例关系是指普通股、优先股和资本公积之间的比例关系，以及不同类型股东之间的比例关系。这些比例关系的合理配置有助于确保公司治理的有效性和经营绩效的提高。

英文：

Equity structure refers to the composition and proportional relationship of a company's registered capital, as well as the composition and proportional relationship of its equity structure. The equity structure is the foundation of a company's governance structure, and different equity structures can directly affect the company's governance structure and business performance.

The equity structure主要由equity and capital reserves. Equity refers to the amount of investment recognized in the company's registered capital, and is the company's legal shareholder rights specified in the articles of association. Equity is usually divided into common stock and preferred stock, of which common stock is the company's equity basis, enjoying voting rights and dividend rights, while preferred stock enjoys priority rights and fixed income.

Capital reserves refer to capital reserves formed by the company without issuing shares, including stock issue premiums, investment exceeding the company's registered capital, legally assessed asset appreciation, foreign currency capital valuation differences, etc.

The proportional relationship of the equity structure refers to the proportional relationship between common stock, preferred stock, and capital reserves, as well as the proportional relationship between different types of shareholders. The reasonable allocation of these proportional relationships helps to ensure the effectiveness of corporate governance and improve business performance.