d核糖是什么做成的：中英双语解读

中文：

d核糖，也被称为脱氧核糖，是一种有机化合物，属于单糖的一种。它是DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）的重要组成部分，与RNA（核糖核酸）中的核糖有所区别。那么，d核糖是如何做成的呢？

在生物体内，d核糖主要通过糖解作用或糖异生作用生成。糖解作用是细胞通过分解葡萄糖来获得能量的过程，其中会产生一系列的中间产物，其中之一便是d核糖。而糖异生作用则是细胞在需要能量时，将非糖物质转化为葡萄糖的过程，其中也会生成d核糖。

此外，d核糖也可以通过化学合成的方式获得。在实验室中，科学家们可以通过一系列复杂的化学反应，从简单的原料出发，逐步合成出d核糖。这种合成方法虽然成本较高，但在某些特殊情况下，如药物合成或生物研究中，仍然具有重要的应用价值。

英文：

D-ribose, also known as deoxyribose, is an organic compound belonging to the category of monosaccharides. It is a crucial component of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), distinguishing itself from the ribose found in RNA (ribonucleic acid). So, how is D-ribose made?

In biological systems, D-ribose is primarily produced through glycolysis or gluconeogenesis. Glycolysis is the process where cells break down glucose to obtain energy, generating a series of intermediate products, one of which is D-ribose. On the other hand, gluconeogenesis is when cells convert non-sugar substances into glucose when energy is needed, during which D-ribose is also generated.

Moreover, D-ribose can also be obtained through chemical synthesis. In laboratories, scientists can gradually synthesize D-ribose from simple precursors through a series of complex chemical reactions. Although this synthetic method may be costly, it still holds significant value in specific situations, such as drug synthesis or biological research.