中文版

中国为什么使用核准制？

核准制在中国作为一种重要的经济管理制度，其存在与发展有着深刻的历史背景和现实需求。那么，中国为何选择并使用核准制呢？

从历史角度看，中国长期实行计划经济体制，政府对经济活动的干预程度较高。随着改革开放的深入，中国逐渐由计划经济向市场经济转型，核准制作为一种过渡性的制度安排，适应了这一转型期的特殊要求。通过核准制，政府可以对关键领域和重点行业进行有针对性的管理和调控，确保经济平稳过渡。

从现实需求来看，核准制有助于维护国家经济安全。对于一些涉及国计民生、国家安全的重要行业和领域，政府需要对其进行严格的管理和监管。通过核准制，政府可以控制市场准入，防止不法分子利用市场漏洞进行非法活动，保障国家经济的稳定和安全。

此外，核准制还有助于促进资源的合理配置和有效利用。通过核准制，政府可以引导资本、技术等生产要素向关键领域和优先发展的行业流动，优化产业结构，提高资源配置效率。

当然，核准制也存在一定的局限性和挑战，如可能引发行政干预过度、审批流程繁琐等问题。但总体来说，中国选择使用核准制是基于其历史背景和现实需求的综合考虑。

英文版

Why Does China Adopt the Approval System?

The approval system serves as an essential economic management framework in China, with its existence and development rooted in profound historical backgrounds and practical needs. So, why did China choose and adopt the approval system?

From a historical perspective, China has long practiced a planned economy system, with a relatively high degree of government intervention in economic activities. With the deepening of reform and opening up, China gradually transformed from a planned economy to a market economy. The approval system, as a transitional institutional arrangement, accommodated the special requirements of this transition period. Through the approval system, the government could carry out targeted management and regulation in key areas and industries, ensuring a smooth economic transition.

From a practical perspective, the approval system helps maintain national economic security. For vital industries and sectors involving national livelihood and security, the government needs to exercise strict management and supervision. Through the approval system, the government can control market access, prevent illegal actors from exploiting market loopholes for illegal activities, and safeguard the stability and security of the national economy.

Moreover, the approval system also contributes to promoting the rational allocation and effective utilization of resources. Through the approval system, the government can guide the flow of capital, technology, and other production factors towards key areas and priority industries, optimizing the industrial structure and improving the efficiency of resource allocation.

Of course, the approval system also has certain limitations and challenges, such as potential excessive administrative intervention and cumbersome approval processes. Overall, however, China's adoption of the approval system is based on a comprehensive consideration of its historical background and practical needs.